UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

FORM 10‑K

 

Commission File No. 001‑38075

ANTERO MIDSTREAM GP LP

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

 

 

(303) 357‑7310

(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)

Securities Registered Pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

 

 

Securities Registered Pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act: None.

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well‑known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act. ☒ Yes  ☐ No

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Act. ☐ Yes ☒ No

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. ☒ Yes  ☐ No

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S‑T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). ☒ Yes  ☐ No

Indicate by check mark if disclosure of delinquent filers pursuant to Item 405 of Regulation S‑K (§ 229.405 of this chapter) is not contained herein, and will not be contained, to the best of registrant’s knowledge, in definitive proxy or information statements incorporated by reference in Part III of this Form 10‑K or any amendment to this Form 10‑K. ☒

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non‑accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b‑2 of the Exchange Act.

 

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act.   ☐  

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b‑2 of the Act). ☐ Yes  ☒ No

The aggregate market value of the registrant’s common shares representing limited partner interests held by non-affiliates of the registrant as of June 29, 2018, the last business day of the registrant’s most recently completed second fiscal quarter was approximately $1.4 billion based on the closing price of Antero Midstream GP LP’s common shares representing limited partner interests as reported on the New York Stock Exchange of $18.86.

As of February 8, 2019, there were 186,235,845 common shares representing limited partner interests outstanding.

Documents incorporated by reference: Antero Midstream Partners LP Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2018

 

 

 

 

EXPLANATORY NOTE

Antero Midstream GP LP (“AMGP”) was originally formed as Antero Resources Midstream Management LLC (“ARMM”) in 2013, to become the general partner of Antero Midstream Partners LP (“Antero Midstream”), a master limited partnership that is publicly traded on the New York Stock Exchange (NYSE: AM).  On May 4, 2017, ARMM converted from a Delaware limited liability company to a Delaware limited partnership and changed its name to Antero Midstream GP LP in connection with our initial public offering (“IPO”).  Unless the context otherwise requires, references to “we” and “our” refer to: (i) for the period prior to May 4, 2017, ARMM, and (ii) beginning on May 4, 2017, AMGP.  We are traded on the New York Stock Exchange (NYSE: AMGP).  We own 100% of the membership interests of Antero Midstream Partners GP LLC (“AMP GP”), which owns the non-economic general partner interest in Antero Midstream, and we own all of the Series A capital interests in Antero IDR Holdings LLC (“IDR LLC”), which owns the incentive distribution rights (“IDRs”) in Antero Midstream.  IDR distributions earned by us through the date of our IPO, net of any related liabilities including income taxes through that date and expenses of the IPO, were distributed to Antero Resources Investment LLC (“Antero Investment”), the sole member of ARMM for all periods prior to the IPO which was liquidated on October 31, 2017.

 

 

 

TABLE OF CONTENTS

 

 

 

 

CAUTIONARY STATEMENT REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS

Some of the information in this report may contain forward-looking statements.  Forward-looking statements give our current expectations, contain projections of results of operations or of financial condition, or forecasts of future events.  Words such as “may,” “assume,” “forecast,” “position,” “predict,” “strategy,” “expect,” “intend,” “plan,” “estimate,” “anticipate,” “believe,” “project,” “budget,” “potential,” or “continue,” and similar expressions are used to identify forward-looking statements.  They can be affected by assumptions used or by known or unknown risks or uncertainties.  Consequently, no forward-looking statements can be guaranteed and actual results may vary materially.  When considering these forward-looking statements, you should keep in mind the risk factors and other cautionary statements in this Annual Report on Form 10‑K.  You are cautioned not to place undue reliance on any forward-looking statements.  You should also understand that it is not possible to predict or identify all such factors and should not consider the following list to be a complete statement of all potential risks and uncertainties.  We own the general partner of Antero Midstream Partners LP (NYSE: AM) (“Antero Midstream”) and all of the capital interests in the owner of the incentive distribution rights (“IDRs”) in Antero Midstream.  Antero Midstream is a master limited partnership 52.8% owned by Antero Resources Corporation (NYSE: AR) (“Antero Resources”) that was formed to primarily service Antero Resources’ production and completion activity in the Appalachian Basin’s Marcellus Shale and Utica Shale located in West Virginia and Ohio.  Because the IDRs are our sole source of revenues, all potential risks and uncertainties that affect the results of operations, financial condition, or forecasts of future events of both Antero Resources and Antero Midstream will also affect us.  Factors that could cause our actual results to differ materially from the results contemplated by such forward-looking statements include:

We caution you that these forward looking statements are subject to all of the risks and uncertainties, most of which are difficult to predict and many of which are beyond our and Antero Midstream’s control, incident to Antero Midstream’s business.  These risks include, but are not limited to, commodity price volatility, inflation, environmental risks, drilling and completion and other operating risks, regulatory changes, the uncertainty inherent in projecting future rates of production, cash flows and access to capital, the timing of development expenditures, and the other risks described under “Risk Factors” in this Annual Report on Form 10‑K and in Antero Midstream’s Annual Report on Form 10‑K for the year ended December 31, 2018, which has been included in this filing as Exhibit 99.1 and incorporated herein by reference.

Should one or more of the risks or uncertainties described in this report occur, or should underlying assumptions prove incorrect, our and Antero Midstream’s actual results and plans could differ materially from those expressed in any forward looking statements.

All forward looking statements, expressed or implied, included in this report are qualified in their entirety by this cautionary statement.  This cautionary statement should also be considered in connection with any subsequent written or oral forward looking statements that we or persons acting on our behalf may issue.

Except as otherwise required by applicable law, we disclaim any duty to update any forward looking statements, all of which are expressly qualified by the statements in this section, to reflect events or circumstances after the date of this Annual Report on Form 10‑K.

GLOSSARY OF COMMONLY USED TERMS

The following are abbreviations and definitions of certain terms used in this document, which are commonly used in the oil and gas industry:

“CPI.”  Consumer Price Index.

“EPA.”  Environmental Protection Agency.

“Hydrocarbon.”  An organic compound containing only carbon and hydrogen.

“Joint Venture.” The joint venture entered into on February 6, 2017 between Antero Midstream and MarkWest Energy Partners, L.P. (“MarkWest”), a wholly owned subsidiary of MPLX, LP (“MPLX”), to develop processing and fractionation assets in Appalachia.

“Mcf.”  One thousand cubic feet of natural gas.

“Natural gas.”  Hydrocarbon gas found in the earth, composed of methane, ethane, butane, propane and other gases.

“NGLs.”  Natural gas liquids.  Hydrocarbons found in natural gas which may be extracted as purity products such as ethane, propane, isobutane and normal butane, and natural gasoline.

“Oil.”  Crude oil and condensate.

“SEC.”  United States Securities and Exchange Commission.

“Sponsors.”  The entities and individuals that collectively own 100% of the membership interests in our general partner, including Warburg Pincus LLC (“Warburg”), certain funds affiliated with Yorktown Partners LLC (“Yorktown”), Paul M. Rady and Glen C. Warren, Jr.

 

PART I

References in this Annual Report on Form 10‑K to “ARMM,” “we,” “our,” “us” or like terms, when referring to periods prior to May 4, 2017, refer to our predecessor, Antero Resources Midstream Management LLC.  References to “AMGP,” “we,” “our,” “us” or like terms, when referring to periods beginning on May 4, 2017 and prospectively, refer to Antero Midstream GP LP.

Items 1 and 2.  Business and Properties

Our Business

Antero Midstream GP LP (“AMGP”) was originally formed as Antero Resources Midstream Management LLC (“ARMM”) in 2013 to become the general partner of Antero Midstream Partners LP (“Antero Midstream”), a master limited partnership that is publicly traded on the New York Stock Exchange (“NYSE”) (NYSE: AM).  On May 4, 2017, ARMM converted from a Delaware limited liability company to a Delaware limited partnership and changed its name to Antero Midstream GP LP in connection with our initial public offering (“IPO”).  We own 100% of the membership interests of Antero Midstream Partners GP LLC (“AMP GP”), which owns the non-economic general partner interest in Antero Midstream, and we own all of the Series A capital interests (“Series A Units”) in Antero IDR Holdings LLC (“IDR LLC”), which owns the incentive distribution rights (“IDRs”) in Antero Midstream.  IDR LLC also has Series B profits interests (“Series B Units”) outstanding that entitle the holders to receive up to 6% of the distributions that Antero Midstream makes on the IDRs in excess of $7.5 million per quarter, subject to certain vesting conditions.  We are taxed as a corporation for U.S. federal income tax purposes and we refer to our outstanding limited partner interests as common shares.

Our only income results from distributions made on the IDRs of Antero Midstream.  The Antero Midstream IDRs entitle holders to receive cash distributions from Antero Midstream when distributions exceed certain target amounts.

We are managed by our general partner, AMGP GP LLC (“AMGP GP”), which establishes the quarterly cash distribution payable to shareholders.  AMGP GP has a board of directors appointed by our Sponsors.  Following the completion of our IPO, certain of our directors and executive officers own AMGP common shares as well as Series B Units in IDR LLC.  In addition, certain of our directors and executive officers own a portion of Antero Resources Corporation’s (“Antero Resources”) (NYSE: AR) common stock and Antero Midstream’s common units.  We have an agreement with Antero Resources, under which Antero Resources provides general and administrative services to us for a fee of $0.5 million per year, subject to annual inflation adjustments.  We also incur recurring direct expenses for the costs associated with being a publicly traded entity.

IDR distributions earned by us through the date of our IPO, net of any related liabilities including income taxes through that date and expenses of the IPO, were distributed to Antero Resources Investment LLC, the sole member of ARMM for all periods prior to the IPO, prior to its liquidation.

Our Relationship with Antero Midstream

Antero Midstream is a growth‑oriented master limited partnership 52.8% owned by Antero Resources and formed to own, operate and develop midstream energy infrastructure primarily to service Antero Resources’ rapidly increasing production and completion activity under long‑term, fixed‑fee contracts.  Antero Midstream’s assets are located both in the southwestern core of the Marcellus Shale in northwest West Virginia and in the core of the Utica Shale in southern Ohio, which Antero Resources believes are two of the premier North American shale plays and are its primary operating areas.

Antero Midstream’s assets consist of gathering pipelines, compressor stations, processing and fractionation plants and water handling and treatment infrastructure, through which Antero Midstream provides gathering, compression, processing, fractionation and integrated water services, including fresh water delivery services, wastewater treatment and other fluid handling services.  These services are provided to Antero Resources under long-term, fixed-fee contracts, limiting Antero Midstream’s direct exposure to commodity price volatility.  As of December 31, 2018, all of Antero Resources’ approximate 688,000 gross acres (612,000 net acres) are dedicated to Antero Midstream for gathering, compression and water services, except for approximately 153,000 gross acres subject to third party gathering and compression commitments.  Under its agreements with Antero Midstream, and subject to any pre-existing dedications or other third party commitments, Antero Resources has dedicated to Antero Midstream all of its current and future acreage in West Virginia, Ohio and Pennsylvania for gathering and compression services and all of its acreage within defined services areas in West Virginia and Ohio for water services.  Antero Midstream also has certain rights of first offer with respect to gathering, compression, processing and fractionation services and water services for acreage located outside of the existing dedicated areas.  The gathering and compression and water services agreements each have a 20-year initial term and are subject to automatic annual renewal after the initial

term.  Antero Midstream also owns a 15% equity interest in the gathering system of Stonewall Gas Gathering LLC (“Stonewall”) and a 50% equity interest in the Joint Venture to develop processing and fractionation assets in Appalachia with MarkWest, a wholly owned subsidiary of MPLX.  In connection with Antero Midstream’s entry into the Joint Venture with MarkWest, Antero Midstream released to the Joint Venture its right to provide certain processing and fractionation services on 195,000 gross acres held by Antero Resources in Ritchie, Tyler and Wetzel Counties in West Virginia.  The processing and fractionation arrangements are underpinned by long-term agreements subject to automatic annual renewal after the initial term.

Our results of operations, financial position and cash flows are dependent on the results of operations, financial position and cash flows of Antero Midstream.  We are highly dependent on Antero Midstream as we derive all of our income from distributions made on the IDRs of Antero Midstream.  Accordingly, we are indirectly subject to the business risks of Antero Midstream.  For additional information, please read “Risk Factors—Risks Inherent in an Investment in Us.”  Because our income is derived from Antero Midstream, any development that materially and adversely affects Antero Midstream’s operations, financial condition or market reputation could affect their ability to make cash distributions, and therefore could have a material adverse impact on us.  As a result, our consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with Antero Midstream’s consolidated financial statements and notes thereto presented in its Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2018.

For a discussion of Antero Midstream’s business and properties, please read “Items 1 and 2.  Business and Properties” of Antero Midstream’s Annual Report on Form 10‑K for the year ended December 31, 2018, which has been included in this filing as Exhibit 99.1 and incorporated herein by reference, as the activities of Antero Midstream have a significant impact on our results of operations and financial position.

Simplification Agreement

On February 26, 2018, we announced that the board of directors of AMGP GP formed a conflicts committee composed solely of independent directors in conjunction with the formation of a conflicts committee at Antero Midstream and a special committee at Antero Resources.  In connection with the conflict committee’s efforts to explore, review and evaluate potential transactions involving us, on October 9, 2018, we announced that we and certain of our affiliates entered into a Simplification Agreement (as may be amended from time to time, the “Simplification Agreement”), pursuant to which, among other things, (1) we will be converted from a limited partnership to a corporation under the laws of the State of Delaware, to be named Antero Midstream Corporation (which is referred to as “New AM” and the conversion, the “Conversion”); (2) an indirect, wholly owned subsidiary of New AM will be merged with and into Antero Midstream, with Antero Midstream surviving the merger as an indirect, wholly owned subsidiary of New AM (the “Merger”) and (3) all the issued and outstanding Series B Units will be exchanged for an aggregate of approximately 17.35 million shares of New AM’s common stock (the “Series B Exchange”).  The shares of New AM common stock (“New AM Common Stock”) to be received as a result of the Series B Exchange will be subject to the same vesting conditions to which the Series B Units are currently subject, with two-thirds fully vested and one-third scheduled to vest at December 31, 2019.  With respect to the Series B Units and shares of New AM Common Stock scheduled to vest on December 31, 2019, the holders of Series B Units have agreed to forego any distributions from IDR LLC and any dividends from New AM that are paid with respect to such units or shares, as applicable, during the twelve months ended December 31, 2019.  The Conversion, the Merger, the Series B Exchange and the other transactions contemplated by the Simplification Agreement are collectively referred to as the “Transactions.”  As a result of the Transactions, Antero Midstream will be a wholly owned subsidiary of New AM and our former shareholders, unitholders of Antero Midstream and holders of Series B Units will each own New AM’s Common Stock.

For additional information on the Simplification Agreement and the Transactions, see “Item 13.  Certain Relationships and Related Transactions and Director Independence.”

Initial Public Offering and Cash Distributions

On May 9, 2017, we completed our IPO of 37,250,000 common shares representing limited partnership interests at a price of $23.50 per common share.  All of the common shares sold in the offering were offered by the selling shareholder.  We did not receive any of the proceeds from the offering.

The board of directors of our general partner has declared cash distributions per share as follows:

 

Employees

We and AMGP GP have no employees.  All of our officers and other personnel necessary for our business to function (to the extent not outsourced) are employed by Antero Resources, and we pay Antero Resources an annual fee for corporate, general and administrative services.  This fee was initially $0.5 million per year and is subject to adjustment on an annual basis, beginning on January 1, 2018, based on the CPI.  The fee is also subject to adjustment to reflect any increase in the cost of providing services due to changes in applicable law, rules or regulations and any increase in the scope and extent of the services provided.  The fee will not be decreased below the initial fee unless the type or extent of services provided materially decreases.

Antero Midstream does not have any employees.  The officers of AMP GP, who are also officers of Antero Resources, manage its operations and activities.  All of the employees required to conduct and support Antero Midstream’s operations are employed by Antero Resources and all of Antero Midstream’s direct, full‑time personnel are subject to the services agreement with Antero Midstream’s general partner and Antero Resources.  Antero Resources considers its relations with its employees to be satisfactory.  Additionally, Antero Midstream has a secondment agreement whereby Antero Resources provides seconded employees to perform certain operational services with respect to Antero Midstream’s gathering and compression assets and water handling and treatment assets for a 20‑year period from the initial term of such agreement.

Address, Internet Website and Availability of Public Filings

Our principal executive offices are at 1615 Wynkoop Street, Denver, Colorado 80202.  Our telephone number is (303) 357‑7310.  Our website is located at www.anteromidstreamgp.com.

We furnish or file with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”) our Annual Reports on Form 10‑K, our Quarterly Reports on From 10‑Q, and our Current Reports on Form 8‑K.  We make these documents available free of charge at www.anteromidstreamgp.com under the “Investors Relations” link as soon as reasonably practicable after they are filed or furnished with the SEC.

Information on our website is not incorporated into this Annual Report on Form 10‑K or our other filings with the SEC and is not a part of them.

 

Item 1A. Risk Factors

Limited partner interests are inherently different from the capital stock of a corporation, although many of the business risks to which we are subject are similar to those that would be faced by a corporation engaged in a similar business.  Because of our relationship with Antero Midstream and its relationship with Antero Resources, adverse developments or announcements concerning Antero Midstream or Antero Resources could materially adversely affect our business.  You should carefully consider the following risk factors together with all of the other information included in this Annual Report on Form 10‑K, including the matters addressed under “Cautionary Statement Regarding Forward-Looking Statements,” in evaluating an investment in our common shares.

If any of the following risks were to occur, our business, financial condition, results of operations and cash available for distribution could be materially adversely affected.

For a discussion of Antero Midstream’s risk factors, please read Item 1A.  “Risk Factors” of Antero Midstream’s Annual Report on Form 10‑K for the year ended December 31, 2018, which has been included in this filing as Exhibit 99.1 and incorporated herein by reference, as the activities of Antero Midstream have a significant impact on our results of operations and financial position.

Risks Related to the Transactions

We may incur substantial transaction-related costs in connection with the Transactions, and if the Transactions do not occur, we will not benefit from the expenses we have incurred in pursuit of the Transactions.

We expect to incur substantial expenses in connection with completing the Transactions, including fees paid to legal, financial and accounting advisors, filing fees, proxy solicitation costs and printing costs.  Many of the expenses that will be incurred, by their nature, are difficult to estimate accurately at the present time.  The Transactions may not be completed.  If the Transactions are not completed, we will have incurred substantial expenses for which no ultimate benefit will have been received. 

We are subject to contractual interim operating restrictions while the proposed Transactions are pending, which could adversely affect our business and operations.

Under the terms of the Simplification Agreement, we are subject to certain restrictions on the conduct of our business prior to completing the Transactions, which may adversely affect our ability to execute certain of our business strategies.  Such limitations could negatively affect our businesses and operations prior to the completion of the Transactions.

We may be subject to class action lawsuits relating to the Transactions, which could materially adversely affect our business, financial condition and operating results.

We and the directors and officers of our general partner may be subject to class action lawsuits relating to the Transactions and other additional lawsuits that may be filed.  Such litigation is very common in connection with acquisitions of public companies, regardless of any merits related to the underlying acquisition.  While we will evaluate and defend against any actions vigorously, the costs of the defense of such lawsuits and other effects of such litigation could have an adverse effect on our business, financial condition and operating results.

One of the conditions to consummating the Transactions is that no injunction or other order prohibiting or otherwise preventing the consummation of the Transactions shall have been issued by any court or governmental entity of competent jurisdiction in the United States.  Consequently, if any lawsuit is filed challenging the Transactions and is successful in obtaining an injunction preventing the parties to the Simplification Agreement from consummating the Transactions, such injunction may prevent the Transactions from being completed in the expected timeframe, or at all.

Failure to complete, or significant delays in completing, the Transactions could negatively affect the trading prices of our common shares and our future business and financial results.

Completion of the Transactions is not assured and is subject to risks, including the risks that approval of the Transactions by our shareholders and Antero Midstream’s unitholders or by governmental agencies is not obtained or that other closing conditions are not satisfied.  Antero Midstream is not required to pay a termination fee in the event that either the conflicts committee or board of directors at Antero Midstream makes a good faith determination that the Transactions are no longer in the best interests of the Antero Midstream public unitholders.  If the Transactions are not completed, or if there are significant delays in completing the Transactions, the trading price of our common shares and our future business and financial results could be negatively affected, and we will be subject to several risks, including the following:

Risks Inherent in an Investment in Us

Our cash flows are entirely dependent upon the ability of Antero Midstream to make cash distributions on the IDRs.

We own all of the capital interests in IDR LLC, which owns all of the IDRs in Antero Midstream.  Accordingly, the source of our earnings and cash flows currently consist exclusively of cash distributions from IDR LLC, which consist exclusively of cash distributions from Antero Midstream on the IDRs.  We receive at least 94% of the cash distributions paid by Antero Midstream on the IDRs.  The amount of cash that Antero Midstream is able to distribute to its partners, including IDR LLC, each quarter principally depends upon the amount of cash it generates from its business.

Antero Midstream may not have sufficient available cash each quarter to continue paying distributions at its current level or at all.  If Antero Midstream reduces its per unit distribution, either because of reduced operating cash flow, higher expenses, increased capital requirements, increased common units outstanding (including common units issued in connection with Antero Midstream’s at‑the‑market equity offering program) or otherwise, we will have less cash available for distribution and would likely be required to reduce our per share distribution to you.  The amount of cash Antero Midstream has available for distribution depends primarily upon Antero Midstream’s cash flow, including borrowings, and is not solely a function of profitability, which is affected by non‑cash items.  As a result, Antero Midstream may make cash distributions during periods when it records losses and may not make cash distributions during periods when it records profits.

Furthermore, our ability to distribute cash received in connection with distributions on the IDRs to our shareholders is limited by a number of factors, including:

A material increase in amounts paid or reserved with respect to any of these factors could restrict our ability to pay quarterly distributions to our shareholders.

In the future, we may not have sufficient cash to pay our estimated initial quarterly distribution or to increase distributions.

Because our cash flows are entirely dependent on cash distributions from IDR LLC, which is dependent on cash distributions from Antero Midstream on the IDRs, the amount of distributions we are able to make to our shareholders may fluctuate based on the level of distributions Antero Midstream makes to its partners, including IDR LLC, and the level of distributions IDR LLC makes to its members, including us.  Antero Midstream may not make quarterly distributions at its most recently declared level of $0.47 per unit, or any other level, or increase its quarterly distributions in the future.  In addition, while we would expect to increase or decrease distributions to our shareholders if Antero Midstream were to increase or decrease distributions, the timing and amount of such changes in distributions, if any, would not necessarily be comparable to the timing and amount of any changes in distributions made by Antero Midstream.  Various factors, such as reserves established by the board of directors of our general partner (including in anticipation of increasing distributions to our unitholders to account for make‑whole distributions paid by IDR LLC to the holders of newly‑vested Series B Units), may affect the distributions we make to our shareholders.  The actual amount of cash that is available for distribution to our shareholders will depend on numerous factors, many of which are beyond our control or the control of our general partner.

Our right to receive distributions paid by Antero Midstream on the IDRs may be limited or modified by our general partner without the consent of our shareholders, which may reduce cash distributions.

We own all of the capital interests in IDR LLC, which owns all of the IDRs that entitle IDR LLC to receive increasing percentages (up to a maximum of 50%) of any cash distributed by Antero Midstream in excess of $0.1955 per Antero Midstream common unit in any quarter.  We receive at least 94% of the cash distributions paid by Antero Midstream on the IDRs.  All of the cash flows we receive from IDR LLC are derived from its ownership of these IDRs.

Antero Midstream, like other publicly traded partnerships, generally will undertake an acquisition or expansion capital project only if, after giving effect to related costs and expenses, the transaction would be expected to be accretive, meaning it would increase cash distributions per unit in future periods.  Because IDR LLC currently participates in the IDRs at all levels, including the highest sharing level of 50%, an acquisition or capital project generally is less likely to be accretive to the unitholders of Antero Midstream than if the IDRs were entitled to a lower incremental cash flow.  IDR LLC may receive a proposal to reduce the IDRs to facilitate a particular acquisition or expansion capital project.  Any such reduction of IDRs will reduce the amount of cash that otherwise would have been distributed by IDR LLC to us, which will in turn reduce the cash distributions we otherwise would be able to pay.  Our shareholders will not be able to vote on, or otherwise prohibit our general partner from taking similar actions in the future and our general partner may elect to modify the incentive distributions.  In addition, there can be no guarantee that the expected benefits of any IDR modification will be realized.

Additionally, IDR LLC has the right under Antero Midstream’s partnership agreement, subject to certain conditions, to elect to relinquish the right to receive incentive distribution payments based on the initial target distribution levels and to reset, at higher levels, the minimum quarterly distribution amount and target distribution levels upon which the incentive distribution payments to IDR LLC would be set.  In connection with the resetting of the target distribution levels and the corresponding relinquishment by IDR LLC of incentive distribution payments based on the target cash distributions prior to the reset, IDR LLC will be entitled to receive a number of newly‑issued common units in Antero Midstream equal to the result of dividing (i) the aggregate amount of cash distributions made by Antero Midstream for the quarter immediately preceding the reset event by (ii) the cash distribution made by Antero Midstream in respect of each common unit for such quarter.  IDR LLC’s right to reset the minimum quarterly distribution amount and target distribution levels upon which the incentive distributions payable to IDR LLC are based may be exercised, subject to certain restrictions, without approval of Antero Midstream’s unitholders, our shareholders or Antero Midstream’s conflicts committee.  The reset minimum quarterly distribution amount and target distribution levels will be higher than the minimum quarterly distribution amount and the target distribution levels prior to the reset such that IDR LLC will not receive any incentive distributions under the reset target distribution levels until cash distributions per unit following this event increase.

IDR LLC may exercise this reset right in order to facilitate acquisitions or internal growth projects that would otherwise not be sufficiently accretive to cash distributions per common unit, taking into account the existing levels of incentive distribution payments being made to the general partner.

A reduction in Antero Midstream’s distributions will disproportionately affect the amount of cash distributions on the IDRs.

IDR LLC’s ownership of Antero Midstream’s IDRs currently entitle it to receive increasing percentages, ranging from 15% up to 50%, of all cash distributed by Antero Midstream in excess of $0.1955 per common unit per quarter.  Based on Antero Midstream’s distribution history, IDR LLC initially will be entitled to receive 50% of all cash distributed by Antero Midstream in excess of $0.2550 per common unit per quarter.  A decrease in the amount of quarterly distributions paid by Antero Midstream to $0.2550 or less per common unit would reduce IDR LLC’s percentage of incremental quarterly cash distributions in excess of $0.1955 per common unit from 50% to 15%.  As a result, any such reduction in quarterly cash distributions from Antero Midstream would have the effect of disproportionately reducing the amount of distributions that IDR LLC receives from Antero Midstream on the IDRs as compared to cash distributions Antero Midstream makes with respect to its common units.

If distributions on our common shares are not paid with respect to any fiscal quarter, our shareholders will not be entitled to receive any payments in respect of such quarter.

Our distributions to our shareholders are not cumulative.  Consequently, if distributions on our common shares are not paid with respect to any fiscal quarter, our shareholders will not be entitled to receive any payments in respect of such quarter in the future.

The amount of cash that we and Antero Midstream distribute each quarter may limit our ability to grow.

Because we and Antero Midstream each distribute all of our respective cash from operations on a quarterly basis, our growth and Antero Midstream’s growth may not be as fast as the growth of businesses that continually reinvest their cash to expand ongoing operations.  In fact, because our cash flows currently are generated solely from distributions we receive from IDR LLC, which are derived exclusively from the IDRs, our growth will be completely dependent upon Antero Midstream.  The amount of distributions paid on the IDRs is based on the per unit distribution paid by Antero Midstream on each of its common units and the number of Antero Midstream common units outstanding.  If we issue additional common shares or incur debt, the payment of distributions on those additional common shares or interest on that debt could increase the risk that we will be unable to maintain or increase our cash distribution levels.

Our rate of distribution growth may be reduced to the extent we purchase equity interests from Antero Midstream, which will reduce the relative percentage of the cash we receive from the IDRs.

Our business strategy includes, where appropriate, supporting the growth of Antero Midstream by making loans, purchasing equity interests or providing other forms of financial support to Antero Midstream to fund an acquisition of a business or asset or another growth project.  To the extent we purchase equity interests from Antero Midstream that are not entitled to distributions or do not receive distributions at the same rates as the IDRs, the rate of our distribution growth may be reduced, at least in the short term, as less of our cash distributions will come from our ownership of IDRs, whose distributions increase at a faster rate than Antero Midstream’s common units and any similar equity interests Antero Midstream may issue in the future.

Restrictions in Antero Midstream’s existing and future debt agreements could limit Antero Midstream’s ability to make distributions to IDR LLC, and therefore IDR LLC’s ability to make distributions to us, which in turn would limit our ability to make distributions on our common shares.

Antero Midstream’s revolving credit facility and the indenture governing Antero Midstream’s outstanding senior notes contain various operating and financial restrictions and covenants.  Antero Midstream’s ability to comply with these restrictions and covenants may be affected by events beyond its control, including prevailing economic, financial and industry conditions.  If Antero Midstream is unable to comply with these restrictions and covenants, any indebtedness under this revolving credit facility may become immediately due and payable and Antero Midstream’s lenders’ commitment to make further loans under this revolving credit facility may terminate.  Antero Midstream might not have, and might be unable to obtain, sufficient funds to satisfy these accelerated payment obligations.

Antero Midstream’s payment of principal and interest on any indebtedness will reduce its cash distributions on the IDRs, thereby reducing our cash available for distribution on our common shares.  Antero Midstream’s revolving credit facility and the indenture governing Antero Midstream’s outstanding senior notes will limit our ability to pay distributions to our shareholders during an event of default or if an event of default would result from the distribution.

For more information regarding risks related to Antero Midstream’s debt agreements, please see “—Risks Related to Antero Midstream’s Business—Restrictions in Antero Midstream’s revolving credit facility and future debt agreements could adversely affect its business, financial condition, results of operations and ability to make quarterly cash distributions to its unitholders.”

Our partnership agreement restricts the rights of shareholders owning 20% or more of our shares.

Our shareholders’ voting rights are restricted by the provision in our partnership agreement generally providing that any shares held by a person or group that owns 20% or more of any class of shares then outstanding, other than our general partner, the Sponsors (or certain transferees in private, non‑exchange transactions), their respective affiliates and persons who acquired such shares with the prior approval of our general partner’s board of directors, cannot be voted on any matter.  In addition, our partnership agreement contains provisions limiting the ability of our shareholders to call meetings or to acquire information about our operations, as well as other provisions limiting our shareholders’ ability to influence the manner or direction of our management.  As a result, the price at which our common shares will trade may be lower because of the absence or reduction of a takeover premium in the trading price.

Our shareholders will not elect or have the power to remove our general partner. The Sponsors will own a sufficient number of common shares to allow them to prevent the removal of our general partner.

Our shareholders only have limited voting rights on matters affecting our business and, therefore, limited ability to influence management’s decisions regarding our business.  The board of directors of our general partner, including our independent directors,

were initially designated and elected by the Sponsors or their designees following our IPO.  Our remaining shareholders do not have the ability to elect our general partner or the members of the board of directors of our general partner unless the Sponsors no longer own specified amounts of our common shares.  Additionally, as a result of our resulting governance arrangements and the 20% voting limitation in our partnership agreement, it will be difficult for one or more of our shareholders to gain control of our general partner’s board of directors.

In addition, if our shareholders are dissatisfied with the performance of our general partner, they have little ability to remove our general partner.  Our general partner may not be removed unless that removal is for cause and is approved by the holders of at least 80% of our outstanding shares.  The ownership level of the Sponsors enables the Sponsors to prevent our general partner’s removal.

As a result of these provisions, the price at which our common shares will trade may be lower because of the absence or reduction of a takeover premium in the trading price.

Our general partner may cause us to issue additional common shares, including in connection with the redemption of Series B Units, or other equity securities, as well as issue equity securities that are senior to our common shares, without shareholder approval.

Our general partner may cause us to issue an unlimited number of additional common shares, including in connection with the redemption of Series B Units, or other equity securities of equal rank with the common shares, without shareholder approval.  For a discussion of what will happen to the Series B Units in connection with the Transactions, see Note 1—Business and Organization.  In addition, we may issue an unlimited number of shares that are senior to our common shares in right of distribution, liquidation and voting.  The issuance of additional common units or our other equity securities of equal or senior rank will have the following effects:

If Antero Midstream’s unitholders remove AMP GP as the general partner of Antero Midstream, AMP GP would be required to sell or exchange its general partner interest, and we would lose the ability to manage and control Antero Midstream.

We own, and appoint all of the members of the board of directors of, AMP GP, which owns the non‑economic general partner interest in Antero Midstream.  AMP GP may not be removed as general partner of Antero Midstream unless that removal is for cause and is approved by the vote of the holders of not less than 662/₃% of the outstanding units of Antero Midstream, voting together as a single class, including units held by AMP GP and its affiliates, and Antero Midstream receives an opinion of counsel regarding limited liability and tax matters.  Any removal of AMP GP is also subject to the approval of a successor general partner by the vote of the holders of a majority of the outstanding Antero Midstream common units, voting as a class.  The ownership of more than 331/₃% of the outstanding units by AMP GP and its affiliates gives them the ability to prevent our general partner’s removal.  In the event of the removal of AMP GP as general partner of Antero Midstream or its withdrawal as general partner in violation of Antero Midstream’s partnership agreement, a successor general partner will have the option to purchase AMP GP’s general partner interest for a cash payment equal to the fair market value of that interest.  Under all other circumstances where AMP GP withdraws as general partner of Antero Midstream, AMP GP will have the option to require the successor general partner to purchase the general partner interest of Antero Midstream for fair market value.  In each case, this fair market value will be determined by agreement between AMP GP and the successor general partner.  If no agreement is reached, an independent investment banking firm or other independent expert selected by AMP GP and the successor general partner will determine the fair market value.  If, however, AMP GP and the successor general partner cannot agree upon an expert, then an expert chosen by agreement of the experts selected by each of them will determine the fair market value.  In each case, AMP GP would also lose its ability to manage Antero Midstream.

In addition, if AMP GP is removed as general partner of Antero Midstream, we would face an increased risk of being deemed an investment company.

Our shareholders may not have limited liability if a court finds that shareholder action constitutes control of our business.

Under Delaware law, our shareholders could be held liable for our obligations to the same extent as a general partner if a court determined that the right or the exercise of the right by our shareholders as a group to remove or replace our general partner, to approve some amendments to the partnership agreement or to take other action under our partnership agreement constituted participation in the “control” of our business.  Additionally, the limitations on the liability of holders of limited partner interests for the liabilities of a limited partnership have not been clearly established in many jurisdictions.

Furthermore, Section 17‑607 of the Delaware Revised Uniform Limited Partnership Act provides that, under some circumstances, a shareholder may be liable to us for the amount of a distribution for a period of three years from the date of the distribution.

If in the future we cease to manage and control Antero Midstream, we may be deemed to be an investment company under the Investment Company Act of 1940.

If we cease to manage and control Antero Midstream or IDR LLC and are deemed to be an investment company under the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended (the “Investment Company Act”), we would either have to register as an investment company under the Investment Company Act, obtain exemptive relief from the SEC or modify our organizational structure or our contractual rights or asset mix to fall outside the definition of an investment company.  Registering as an investment company could, among other things, materially limit our ability to engage in transactions with affiliates, including the purchase and sale of certain securities or other property to or from our affiliates, restrict our ability to borrow funds or engage in other transactions involving leverage, require us to add additional directors who are independent of us and our affiliates, and adversely affect the price of our common shares.

The price of our common shares may be volatile, and a trading market that will provide you with adequate liquidity may not develop.

The market price of our common shares could be subject to significant fluctuations, and may decline below the current price.  You may be unable to resell your common shares at or above the current price.  The following factors, among others, could affect our common share price:

Our common shares and Antero Midstream’s common units may not trade in relation or proportion to one another.

Our common shares and Antero Midstream’s common units may not trade in simple relation or proportion to one another.  Instead, while the trading prices of our common shares and Antero Midstream’s common units are likely to follow generally similar broad trends, the trading prices may diverge because, among other things:

An increase in interest rates may cause the market price of our common shares to decline.

Like all equity investments, an investment in our common shares is subject to certain risks.  In exchange for accepting these risks, investors may expect to receive a higher rate of return than would otherwise be obtainable from lower‑risk investments.  Accordingly, as interest rates rise, the ability of investors to obtain higher risk‑adjusted rates of return by purchasing government‑backed debt securities may cause a corresponding decline in demand for riskier investments generally, including yield‑based equity investments such as publicly traded limited partnership interests.  Reduced demand for our common shares resulting from investors seeking other more favorable investment opportunities may cause the trading price of our common shares to decline.

In addition, if interest rates rise, the interest rates on our revolving credit facility, future credit facilities and debt offerings could be higher than current levels, causing our financing costs to increase accordingly.  As with other yield-oriented securities, our share price is impacted by the level of our cash distributions and implied distribution yield.  The distribution yield is often used by investors to compare and rank related yield-oriented securities for investment decision-making purposes.  Therefore, changes in interest rates, either positive or negative, may affect the yield requirements of investors who invest in our shares, and a rising interest rate environment could have an adverse impact on our unit price and our ability to issue additional equity, to incur debt to expand or for other purposes, or to make cash distributions at our intended levels.

Future sales of our common shares in the public market could reduce our common share price, and any additional capital raised by us through the sale of equity or convertible securities may dilute your ownership in us.

Subject to certain limitations and exceptions, each Series B Holder may require IDR LLC to redeem all or a part of such holder’s vested Series B Units for common shares in us at a ratio described in the IDR LLC Agreement, subject to customary conversion rate adjustments for equity splits, equity dividends and reclassification and other similar transactions, and then sell those common shares.  For a discussion of what will happen to the Series B Units in connection with the Transactions, see Note 1—Business and Organization.  We may also issue additional common shares or convertible securities in subsequent public or private offerings.  We cannot predict the size of future issuances of our common shares or securities convertible into common shares or the effect, if any, that future issuances and sales of our common shares will have on the market price of our common shares.  Sales of substantial amounts of our common shares (including shares issued in connection with an acquisition), or the perception that such sales could occur, may adversely affect prevailing market prices of our common shares.

The Sponsors hold a majority of the voting power of our common shares.

The Sponsors are entitled to act separately in their own respective interests with respect to their partnership interests in us, and have the ability to elect all of the members of our board of directors.  In addition, they will be able to determine the outcome of all matters requiring shareholder approval, including certain mergers and other material transactions, and will be able to cause or prevent a change in the composition of our board of directors or a change in control of our company that could deprive our shareholders of an opportunity to receive a premium for their common shares as part of a sale of our company.  So long as the Sponsors continue to own a significant amount of our outstanding shares, even if such amount is less than 50%, they will continue to be able to strongly influence all matters requiring shareholder approval, regardless of whether or not other shareholders believe that the transaction is in their own best interests.

If we or Antero Midstream fail to develop or maintain an effective system of internal controls, our ability to accurately report our financial results or prevent fraud could be adversely affected.  As a result, our shareholders could lose confidence in our financial reporting, which would harm our business and the trading price of our common shares.

Effective internal controls are necessary for us to provide reliable financial reports, prevent fraud and operate successfully as a publicly traded company.  We are required to comply with the SEC’s rules implementing Sections 302 and 404 of the Sarbanes‑Oxley Act of 2002, which require our management to certify financial and other information in our quarterly and annual reports and provide an annual management report on the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting.  If we or Antero Midstream cannot provide reliable financial reports or prevent fraud, our and Antero Midstream’s reputation and operating results will be harmed.  We cannot be certain that our efforts to develop and maintain our internal controls will be successful.  Any failure to develop or maintain effective internal controls, or difficulties encountered in implementing or improving our internal controls, could harm our and Antero Midstream’s operating results or cause us or Antero Midstream to fail to meet our reporting obligations.  Ineffective internal controls could also cause investors to lose confidence in our reported financial information, which would likely have a negative effect on the trading price of our common shares and Antero Midstream’s common units.

The NYSE does not require a limited partnership like us to comply with certain of its corporate governance requirements.

Because we are a limited partnership, the NYSE does not require our general partner to have a majority of independent directors on its board of directors or to establish a compensation committee or a nominating and corporate governance committee.  Accordingly, our shareholders will not have the same protections afforded to certain corporations that are subject to all of the NYSE corporate governance requirements.  In addition, as a limited partnership, we are not required to seek shareholder approval for issuances of common shares, including issuances in excess of 20% of our outstanding equity securities, or for issuances of equity to certain affiliates.

We may incur liability as a result of our ownership of Antero Midstream’s general partner.

Under Delaware law, a general partner of a limited partnership is generally liable for the debts and liabilities of the partnership for which it serves as general partner, subject to the terms of any indemnification agreements contained in the partnership agreement and except to the extent the partnership’s contracts are non‑recourse to the general partner.  As a result of our structure, we own all of the interests in and appoint all of the members of the board of directors of the general partner of Antero Midstream.  To the extent the indemnification provisions in the applicable partnership agreement or non‑recourse provisions in our contracts are not sufficient to protect us from such liability, we may in the future incur liabilities as a result of our ownership of AMP GP.

Our general partner interest or the control of our general partner may be transferred to a third party without shareholder consent.

Our general partner may transfer its general partner interest to a third party, including in a merger or in a sale of all or substantially all of its assets, without the consent of our shareholders.  Furthermore, the Sponsors may transfer all or a portion of their ownership interests in our general partner to a third party, also without shareholder consent.  The new owners of our general partner would then be in a position to replace the board of directors and officers of our general partner with its own designees and thereby exert significant control over the decisions made by the board of directors and officers.

Restrictions in our existing and future debt agreements could adversely affect our ability to make distributions on our common shares.

Our revolving credit facility limits our ability to, among other things:

Our payment of principal and interest under our revolving credit facility and with respect to our indebtedness will reduce our cash available for distribution to our shareholders.  In addition, our revolving credit facility limits our ability to pay distributions to our shareholders during an event of default or if an event of default would result from the distributions.

Moreover, our current indebtedness and any future indebtedness that we incur may adversely affect our ability to obtain additional financing for future operations or capital needs, limit our ability to pursue other business opportunities, or make our results of operations more susceptible to adverse economic or operating conditions.

Risks Related to Conflicts of Interest

Our existing organizational structure and the relationships among us, Antero Midstream, our respective general partners, Antero Resources, the Sponsors and affiliated entities present the potential for conflicts of interest.  Moreover, additional conflicts of interest may arise in the future among us and the entities affiliated with any general partner or similar interests we acquire or among Antero Midstream and such entities.

Certain holders of our common shares have investments in our affiliates that may conflict with the interests of other holders of our common shares.

Certain funds affiliated with Warburg Pincus LLC (“Warburg”), certain funds affiliated with Yorktown Partners LLC (“Yorktown”), Paul M. Rady and Glen C. Warren, Jr. (collectively, the “Sponsors”) collectively own 100% of our general partner and a majority of our outstanding common shares.  Messrs. Rady and Warren also own a portion of the Series B Units in IDR LLC.  Affiliates of Warburg and Yorktown, Mr. Rady and Mr. Warren serve as members of the board of directors of our general partner, the board of directors of Antero Resources, and the board of directors of Antero Midstream’s general partner, and each of Warburg and Yorktown are controlled in part by individuals who serve as members of the board of directors of our general partner, the board of directors of Antero Resources, and the board of directors of Antero Midstream’s general partner.  The Sponsors also own common units representing limited partner interests in Antero Midstream and shares of common stock in Antero Resources.  Please see “Item 11. Executive Compensation—Narrative Disclosure to Summary Compensation Table—Long-Term Equity-Based Incentive Awards—Series B Units in IDR LLC” for more information regarding the Series B Units in IDR LLC.  For a discussion of what will happen to the Series B Units in connection with the Transactions, see Note 1—Business and Organization.  As a result of their investments in Antero Midstream and Antero Resources, the Sponsors may have conflicts of interest with other holders of our common shares.  These conflicts of interest could arise in the future between us, on the one hand, and the Sponsors, on the other hand, regarding, among other things, decisions to modify or limit the IDRs in the future, the terms of our agreements with Antero Midstream and Antero Resources and their respective subsidiaries and the pursuit of potentially competitive business activities or business opportunities.

Conflicts of interest may arise as a result of our organizational structure and the relationships among us, Antero Midstream, our respective general partners, Antero Resources and other affiliated entities.

Our partnership agreement defines the duties of our general partner (and, by extension, its officers and directors).  Our general partner’s board of directors or its conflicts committee will have authority on our behalf to resolve any conflict involving us and they have broad latitude to consider the interests of all parties to the conflict.

Conflicts of interest may arise between us and our shareholders, on the one hand, and our general partner and affiliated entities, on the other hand, or between us and our shareholders, on the one hand, and Antero Midstream and its unitholders, on the other hand.  The resolution of these conflicts may not always be in our best interest or that of our shareholders.

Our partnership agreement defines our general partner’s duties to us and contains provisions that reduce the remedies available to our shareholders for actions that might otherwise be challenged as breaches of fiduciary or other duties under state law.

Our partnership agreement contains provisions that substantially reduce the standards to which our general partner would otherwise be held by state fiduciary duty law.  For example, our partnership agreement:

The Sponsors may have interests that conflict with holders of our common shares.

The Sponsors own a certain number of our outstanding shares and certain of the Sponsors own a portion of the Series B Units in IDR LLC.  For a discussion of what will happen to the Series B Units in connection with the Transactions, see Note 1—Business and Organization.  In addition, certain of the Sponsors own a portion of Antero Midstream’s common units and Antero Resources’ common stock.  As a result, the Sponsors may have conflicting interests with holders of our common shares.

Furthermore, conflicts of interest could arise in the future between us, on the one hand, and the Sponsors, on the other hand, concerning among other things, a decision whether to modify or limit the IDRs in the future or potential competitive business activities or business opportunities.  These conflicts of interest may not be resolved in our favor.

Antero Resources does not own our general partner and is under no obligation to adopt a business strategy that favors us.

The directors and officers of Antero Resources have a fiduciary duty to make decisions in the best interests of the owners of Antero Resources, which may be contrary to our interests.  Antero Resources has dedicated acreage to, and entered into long‑term contracts for gathering and compression services on, Antero Midstream’s gathering and compression systems, as well as long‑term contracts for receiving water services.  However, while Antero Midstream has a 20‑year right of first offer to provide processing and fractionation services to Antero Resources, subject to certain exceptions, Antero Resources is under no obligation to consider whether any future drilling plans would create beneficial opportunities for Antero Midstream.  Additionally, although Antero Midstream’s water services agreement and the processing and fractionation services provided by the Joint Venture are supported by minimum volume commitments, Antero Midstream’s gathering and compression agreement includes minimum volumes commitments only on high‑pressure pipelines and compressor stations constructed at Antero Resources’ request after the Antero Midstream IPO.  A reduction in the current levels of Throughput volumes on Antero Midstream’s gathering and compression systems by Antero Resources could have a material adverse effect on Antero Midstream’s business, financial condition, results of operations and ability to make quarterly cash distributions to its unitholders, including us.

Our general partner’s affiliates and the Sponsors may compete with us.

Our partnership agreement provides that our general partner will be restricted from engaging in any business activities other than acting as our general partner and those activities incidental to its ownership of interests in us.  The restrictions contained in our general partner’s limited liability company agreement are subject to a number of exceptions.  Affiliates of our general partner and the Sponsors will not be prohibited from engaging in other businesses or activities that might be in direct competition with us except to the extent they compete using our confidential information.

Our general partner has a call right that may require shareholders to sell their common shares at an undesirable time or price.

If at any time more than 80% of our outstanding common shares on a combined basis (including common shares issued in connection with the redemption of Series B Units) are owned by our general partner, the Sponsors (or certain transferees) or their respective affiliates, our general partner will have the right (which it may assign to any of its affiliates, the Sponsors or us), but not the obligation, to acquire all, but not less than all, of the remaining common shares held by public shareholders at a price equal to the greater of (x) the current market price of such shares as of the date three days before notice of exercise of the call right is first mailed and (y) the highest price paid by our general partner, the Sponsors (or certain transferees in private, non‑exchange transactions) or their respective affiliates for such shares during the 90 day period preceding the date such notice is first mailed.  As a result, shareholders may be required to sell common shares at an undesirable time or price and may not receive any return of or on their investment.  Shareholders may also incur a tax liability upon a sale of common shares.

Tax Risks

As our only cash‑generating assets consists of our capital interest in IDR LLC and its related direct interests in Antero Midstream, our tax risks are primarily derivative of the tax risks associated with an investment in Antero Midstream.

The tax treatment of Antero Midstream depends on its status as a partnership for U.S. federal income tax purposes, as well as it not being subject to a material amount of entity‑level taxation.  If the Internal Revenue Service (“IRS”) were to treat Antero Midstream as a corporation for U.S. federal income tax purposes or Antero Midstream was to become subject to additional amounts of entity‑level taxation for state tax purposes, it would reduce the amount of cash available for distribution to us.

We own all of the capital interests in IDR LLC, which directly owns all of the IDRs in Antero Midstream.  Accordingly, the value of our investment in IDR LLC, as well as the anticipated after‑tax economic benefit of an investment in our common shares, depends largely on Antero Midstream being treated as a partnership for U.S. federal income tax purposes, which requires that at least 90% of Antero Midstream’s gross income for each taxable year of its existence consist of qualifying income, as that term is defined in Section 7704 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the “Code”).

Despite the fact that Antero Midstream is a limited partnership under Delaware law and, unlike us, has not elected to be treated as a corporation for U.S. federal income tax purposes, it is possible, under certain circumstances, for Antero Midstream to be treated as a corporation for U.S. federal income tax purposes.  Although we do not believe, based on its current operations, that Antero Midstream will be so treated, a change in Antero Midstream’s business could cause it to be treated as a corporation for U.S. federal income tax purposes.  A change in current law could also cause Antero Midstream to be treated as a corporation for U.S. federal income tax purposes or otherwise subject Antero Midstream to entity‑level taxation.  In addition, several states have been evaluating ways to subject partnerships to entity‑level taxation through the imposition of state income, franchise and other forms of taxation.

If Antero Midstream were treated as a corporation for U.S. federal income tax purposes, it would pay federal income tax on its taxable income at the applicable corporate tax rate and would likely pay state income taxes at varying rates.  Distributions to Antero Midstream’s partners, including IDR LLC, would generally be taxed again as corporate distributions, and no income, gains, losses or deductions would flow through to Antero Midstream’s partners.  Because a tax would be imposed upon Antero Midstream as a corporation, its cash available for distribution would be substantially reduced.  Therefore, treatment of Antero Midstream as a corporation would result in a material reduction in the anticipated cash flows and after‑tax return to us, likely causing a substantial reduction in the value of our common shares.

Antero Midstream’s partnership agreement provides that if a law is enacted or existing law is modified or interpreted in a manner that subjects Antero Midstream to taxation as a corporation or otherwise subjects Antero Midstream to entity‑level taxation for U.S. federal state or local income tax purposes, Antero Midstream’s minimum quarterly distribution and target distribution amounts may be adjusted to reflect the impact of that law or interpretation on Antero Midstream.  If this were to happen, the amount of distributions IDR LLC receives from Antero Midstream and our resulting cash flows could be reduced substantially, which would adversely affect our ability to pay distributions.

The tax treatment of publicly traded partnerships such as Antero Midstream could be subject to potential legislative, judicial or administrative changes and differing interpretations, possibly applied on a retroactive basis.

The present U.S. federal income tax treatment of publicly traded partnerships, including Antero Midstream, may be modified by administrative, legislative or judicial changes, or differing interpretations at any time.  From time to time, members of Congress propose and consider such substantive changes to the existing U.S. federal income tax laws that affect publicly traded partnerships, including a prior legislative proposal that would have eliminated the qualifying income exception to the treatment of all publicly traded partnerships as corporations upon which Antero Midstream relies for its treatment as a partnership for U.S. federal income tax purposes.

In addition, the Treasury Department has issued, and in the future may issue, regulations interpreting those laws that affect publicly traded partnerships.  Although there are no current legislative or administrative proposals, there can be no assurance that there will not be further changes to U.S. federal income tax laws or the Treasury Department’s interpretation of the qualifying income rules in a manner that could impact Antero Midstream’s ability to qualify as a publicly traded partnership in the future.

Any modification to the U.S. federal income tax laws may be applied retroactively and could make it more difficult or impossible for Antero Midstream to meet the exception for certain publicly traded partnerships to be treated as partnerships for U.S. federal income tax purposes.  Antero Midstream is unable to predict whether any changes or other proposals will be reintroduced or ultimately will be enacted.  Any future legislative changes could negatively impact the value of our indirect investment in Antero Midstream.

 

Item 1B.  Unresolved Staff Comments

Not applicable.

 

Item 3.  Legal Proceedings

Our operations are subject to a variety of risks and disputes normally incident to our business.  As a result, we may, at any given time, be a defendant in various legal proceedings and litigation arising in the ordinary course of business.  However, we are not currently subject to any material litigation.

 

Item 4.  Mine Safety Disclosures

Not applicable.

 

PART II

Item 5.  Market for Registrant’s Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities

Common Shares

Our common shares are listed on the NYSE and traded under the symbol “AMGP.”  On February 8, 2019, our common shares were held by 57 holders of record.  The number of holders does not include the holders for whom shares are held in a “nominee” or “street” name.

Securities Authorized for Issuance Under Equity Compensation Plans

On April 17, 2017, our general partner adopted the Antero Midstream GP LP Long-Term Incentive Plan (“AMGP LTIP”), pursuant to which certain non-employee directors of our general partner and certain officers, employees, and consultants of Antero Resources are eligible to receive common shares representing limited partner interests in AMGP.  An aggregate of 930,851 common shares may be delivered pursuant to awards under the AMGP LTIP, subject to customary adjustments.  Common shares have been granted to each of the independent directors of our general partner under the AMGP LTIP.  Please read the information under “Item 11.  Executive Compensation—Compensation Discussion and Analysis – Equity Compensation Plan Information.”

 

Item 6.  Selected Financial Data

The following table presents our selected historical financial data, for the periods and as of the dates indicated, for AMGP and our predecessor.  AMGP was originally formed as ARMM to become the general partner of Antero Midstream, and converted into a limited partnership on May 4, 2017 in connection with our IPO.

The selected statement of operations data and statement of cash flows data for the years ended December 31, 2016, 2017, and 2018 and the balance sheet data as of December 31, 2017 and 2018 are derived from our audited consolidated financial statements included in Item 8 of this Annual Report on Form 10‑K.  The selected statement of operations data and statement of cash flows data for the year ended December 31, 2015 and the selected balance sheet data as of December 31, 2015 and 2016 is derived from our audited consolidated financial statements not included in Item 8 of this Annual Report on Form 10-K.  There were no IDR distributions prior to 2015, and therefore, we had no activity prior to 2015.

The selected financial data presented below are qualified in their entirety by reference to, and should be read in conjunction with, “Item 7.  Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” and our consolidated financial statements and related notes included elsewhere in this report.

 

Item 7.  Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

The following discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations should be read in conjunction with our consolidated financial statements and related notes included elsewhere in this report.  The information provided below supplements, but does not form part of, our financial statements.  This discussion contains forward‑looking statements that are based on the views and beliefs of our management, as well as assumptions and estimates made by our management.  Actual results could differ materially from such forward‑looking statements as a result of various risk factors, including those that may not be in the control of management.  For further information on items that could impact our future operating performance or financial condition, please read see “Item 1A.  Risk Factors.” and the section entitled “Cautionary Statement Regarding Forward‑Looking Statements.”  We do not undertake any obligation to publicly update any forward-looking statements except as otherwise required by applicable law.

References in this Annual Report on Form 10‑K to “ARMM,” “we,” “our,” “us” or like terms, when referring to periods prior to May 4, 2017, refer to our predecessor, Antero Resources Midstream Management LLC.  References to “AMGP,” “we,” “our,” “us” or like terms, when referring to periods beginning on May 4, 2017 and prospectively, refer Antero Midstream GP LP.

Overview

We are a Delaware limited partnership that is taxed as a corporation for U.S. federal income tax purposes.  We own 100% of the membership interests in Antero Midstream Partners GP LLC (“AMP GP”), which owns the non-economic general partner interest in Antero Midstream Partners LP (NYSE: AM) (“Antero Midstream”) and we own all of the Series A capital interests (“Series A Units”) in Antero IDR Holdings (“IDR LLC”), which owns the incentive distribution rights (“IDRs”) in Antero Midstream.  IDR LLC also has Series B profits interests (“Series B Units”) outstanding that entitle the holders to receive up to 6% of the distributions that Antero Midstream makes on the IDRs in excess of $7.5 million per quarter, subject to certain vesting conditions.  We receive at least 94% of the cash distributions paid by Antero Midstream on the IDRs.  Antero Midstream is a growth-oriented master limited partnership 52.8% owned by Antero Resources Corporation (NYSE: AR) (“Antero Resources”) that was formed to own, operate and develop midstream energy infrastructure primarily to service Antero Resources’ increasing production and completion activity in the Appalachian Basin’s Marcellus Shale and Utica Shale located in West Virginia and Ohio.  We believe that Antero Midstream’s strategically located assets and integrated relationship with Antero Resources position it to be a leading Appalachian midstream provider across the full midstream value chain.

Our revenues are generated solely from the cash distributions we receive from Antero Midstream through our interests in IDR LLC.  Because our success is dependent upon the operations and management of Antero Midstream and its resulting performance, Antero Midstream’s Annual Report on Form 10‑K for the year ended December 31, 2018, has been included in this filing as Exhibit 99.1 and incorporated herein by reference.

Simplification Agreement

On February 26, 2018, we announced that the board of directors of our general partner formed a conflicts committee composed solely of independent directors in conjunction with the formation of a conflicts committee at Antero Midstream and a special committee at Antero Resources.  In connection with our conflict committee’s efforts to explore, review and evaluate potential transactions involving us, on October 9, 2018, we announced that we and certain of our affiliates entered into a Simplification Agreement (as may be amended from time to time, the “Simplification Agreement”), pursuant to which, among other things, we will be converted from a limited partnership to a corporation (the “Conversion”), which we refer to as “New AM,” and New AM will acquire all of the outstanding common units of Antero Midstream. Each of our issued and outstanding common shares will be converted into an equivalent number of shares of New AM’s Common Stock at the effective time of the Conversion.  Based on the number of outstanding Antero Midstream common units and AMGP common shares and their respective closing sales prices as of October 8, 2018 (the last trading day before the day the Simplification Agreement was announced), the approximately 17.35 million shares of New AM common stock expected to be transferred pursuant to an exchange of the issued and outstanding Series B Units (the “Series B Exchange”) in the Series B Exchange represent approximately 4.4% of the pro forma market capitalization of New AM in excess of $2 billion (representing approximately 3.4% of the total pro forma market capitalization of New AM).

Further, one of our indirect, wholly-owned subsidiaries will merge with and into Antero Midstream with Antero Midstream surviving as an indirect, wholly-owned subsidiary of New AM (the “Merger”).  At the effective time of the Merger, each outstanding common unit of Antero Midstream held by Antero Midstream’s unitholders other than Antero Resources (“AM Public Unitholders”), will be converted into the right to receive, at such unitholder’s election and subject to proration as set forth in the Simplification

Agreement, one of: (i) $3.415 in cash without interest and 1.6350 shares of New AM’s Common Stock for each of Antero Midstream’s common units held (the “Public Mixed Consideration”), (ii) 1.6350 shares of New AM’s Common Stock plus an additional number of shares of New AM’s Common Stock equal to the quotient of (A) $3.415 and (B) the average of the 20-day volume-weighted average trading price per AMGP common share prior to the final election day for AM Public Unitholders (the “AMGP VWAP”), for each of Antero Midstream’s common units held (the “Public Stock Consideration”), or (iii) 3.415 in cash plus an additional amount of cash equal to the product of (A) 1.6350 and (B) the AMGP VWAP for each of Antero Midstream’s common units held (the “Public Cash Consideration”).  At the effective time of the Merger, Antero Resources will be entitled to receive $3.00 in cash without interest and 1.6023 shares of New AM’s Common Stock (the “AR Mixed Consideration”) for each of Antero Midstream’s common units held by Antero Resources, subject to adjustment as described in the Simplification Agreement.  The Conversion, the Merger, the Series B Exchange and the other transactions contemplated by the Simplification Agreement are collectively referred to as the “Transactions.”

For additional information on the Simplification Agreement and the Transactions, see “Item 13.  Certain Relationships and Related Transactions and Director Independence.”

Our Sources of Revenue

Our revenues are generated solely from the cash distributions we receive from Antero Midstream through our interests in IDR LLC.  As a result of our ownership interest in IDR LLC, we are positioned to grow our distributions disproportionately relative to the growth rate of Antero Midstream’s common unit distributions.  Accordingly, our primary business objective is to increase our cash available for distribution to our shareholders through the execution by Antero Midstream of its business strategy.  Unless we directly acquire and hold assets or businesses in the future, our revenues will continue to be generated solely from the cash distributions we receive from Antero Midstream through our interests in IDR LLC.

Financial Presentation

We own the general partner interest in Antero Midstream through our interest in AMP GP and own all of the capital interests in IDR LLC, which we control as managing member.  We have no separate operating activities apart from those conducted by Antero Midstream, and our cash flows consist solely of distributions we receive relating to Antero Midstream’s distributions on its IDRs.  Our financial statements are based on the equity method of accounting for our investment in Antero Midstream.

Cash Distributions

We distribute cash available for distribution to our shareholders.  Cash available for distribution is the cash distribution received from Antero Midstream reduced by reserves for estimated federal and state income taxes, general and administrative expenses, and reserves for other purposes deemed necessary by the board of directors of our general partner.  Distributable cash for the three months ended December 31, 2018 was as follows:

(1)General and administrative expenses related to the formation and ongoing evaluations of the conflicts committee.  See Note 2—Summary of Significant Accounting Policies to the consolidated financial statements.

The board of directors of our general partner has declared a cash distribution of $0.164 per share, or a total of approximately $31 million, for the quarter ended December 31, 2018.  The distribution will be payable on February 21, 2019 to shareholders of record as of February 1, 2019.

Items Affecting Comparability of Our Financial Results

Certain of the historical financial results discussed below may not be comparable to future financial results primarily as a result of the significant increase in Antero Midstream’s cash distributions described below.  As our sole source of income, any change in Antero Midstream’s cash distributions will have a direct financial impact on us.  Distributions to the IDRs began in the fourth quarter of 2015 and have increased significantly since that time as the IDRs are entitled to a greater marginal percentage interest in distributions.

In addition, our results of operations prior to the completion of our initial public offering (the “IPO”) do not reflect the incremental expenses we are now incurring as a result of being a publicly traded company, and such results include the non-recurring costs we incurred in connection with the IPO.  Our historical results of operations for the year ended December 31, 2017 also reflect a U.S. federal corporate tax rate of 35%.  Effective January 1, 2018, the U.S. federal corporate tax rate was reduced from 35% to 21%.  Accordingly, our historical results of operations will reflect a higher U.S. federal corporate tax rate in comparison to our current and future financial results.

Certain of the historical financial results discussed below may not be comparable to future financial results primarily as a result of the significant increase in the scope of Antero Midstream’s operations over the last several years.  Antero Midstream’s gathering and compression and water handling and treatment systems are relatively new, as a substantial portion of these assets have been built within the last five years.  Accordingly, Antero Midstream’s revenues and expenses over that time reflect the significant increase in its operations.  Similarly, Antero Resources has experienced significant changes in its production and drilling and completion schedule over that same period.  As our income is predicated on Antero Midstream’s cash available for distribution, any change in Antero Midstream’s revenue and expenses could have a direct impact on us.  Accordingly, it may be difficult to project trends from our historical financial data going forward.

Results of Operations

Year Ended December 31, 2017 Compared to Year Ended December 31, 2018

*Not meaningful or applicable.

 

Equity in earnings of Antero Midstream Partners LP.  Equity in earnings of Antero Midstream increased from $69.7 million for the year ended December 31, 2017 to $142.9 million for the year ended December 31, 2018.  Antero Midstream’s per-unit distribution increased to $0.47 in the year ended December 31, 2018 from $0.365 for the year ended December 31, 2017, resulting in an increase in distributions on the IDRs.  IDR LLC receives a portion of Antero Midstream distributions based on a tiered approach, in which the percentage received of the total distribution increases at certain levels.  The highest tier, which was met in both periods, in which cash distributions to Antero Midstream’s unitholders exceeds $0.255 per common unit in any quarter, entitles IDR LLC to 50% of such incremental distribution amounts. 

General and administrative expenses.  General and administrative expenses increased from $6.2 million for the year ended December 31, 2017 to $8.7 million for the year ended December 31, 2018.  General and administrative expenses during the year ended December 31, 2017 reflect $5.1 million of costs incurred related to our IPO.  For the year ended December 31, 2018, we incurred $6.9 million of costs related to the conflicts committee’s formation and ongoing evaluation of the Transactions.  Excluding expenses related

to the IPO in 2017 and costs incurred by the conflicts committee in 2018, general and administrative expenses were relatively consistent for the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2018.  See “Simplification Agreement” discussion contained elsewhere herein for discussion of the Transactions.

Equity-based compensation expenses.  Equity-based compensation expenses remained relatively consistent at $34.9 million and $35.1 million for the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2018, respectively.  See Note 5—Long-Term Incentive Plans— to the consolidated financial statements.

Interest expense, net.  Interest expense, net was $136 thousand for the year ended December 31, 2018, including $150 thousand of interest expense and $14 thousand of interest income.  Interest expense in 2018 is primarily due to the amortization of deferred financing costs incurred under the Credit Facility (defined below), which was entered into on May 9, 2018.  See Note 3—Credit Facility— to the consolidated financial statements.

Income tax expense.  Income tax expense increased from $26.3 million for the year ended December 31, 2017 to $32.3 million for the year ended December 31, 2018.  The increase is primarily due to higher taxable income as a result of the increase in equity in earnings of Antero Midstream related to the IDRs, partially offset by the decrease in the U.S. corporate income tax rate from 35% to 21% beginning in 2018.

The difference between income tax expense and expected income tax expense for financial statement purposes computed by applying the federal statutory rate of 21% to pre-tax income is caused by nondeductible equity-based compensation and the effect of state income taxes.

Net income and comprehensive income.  Net income and comprehensive income increased from $2.3 million for the year ended December 31, 2017 to $66.6 million for the year ended December 31, 2018.  The increase was primarily due to an increase in equity in earnings of Antero Midstream, partially offset by an increase in general and administrative expenses and income tax expenses.

Year Ended December 31, 2016 Compared to Year Ended December 31, 2017

*Not meaningful or applicable.

 

Equity in earnings of Antero Midstream Partners LP. Equity in earnings of Antero Midstream increased from $16.9 million for the year ended December 31, 2016 to $69.7 million for the year ended December 31, 2017.  Antero Midstream’s per-unit distribution increased in the year ended December 31, 2017 from the year ended December 31, 2016, resulting in an increase in distributions on the IDRs.  In addition, IDR LLC receives a portion of Antero Midstream distributions based on a tiered approach, in which the percentage received of the total distribution increases at certain levels.  The highest tier, in which cash distributions to Antero Midstream’s unitholders exceeds $0.255 per common unit it any quarter, entitles IDR LLC to 50% of said distribution.  This tier was met in each quarter of 2017, opposed to only the third and fourth quarter of 2016, which contributed to the increase in our equity in earnings of Antero Midstream.

General and administrative expenses. General and administrative expenses increased from $0.8 million for the year ended December 31, 2016 to $6.2 million for the year ended December 31, 2017.  During the year ended December 31, 2016, we did not incur any significant general and administrative costs; however, during the year ended December 31, 2017, we incurred approximately $5.1 million of general and administrative costs in connection with our IPO and $1.1 million of expenses related to being a public company.

Equity-based compensation expenses. Equity-based compensation expenses was $34.9 million for the year ended December 31, 2017 due to the issuance of equity-based compensation in the form of Series B Units on December 31, 2016, which vest over a three-year period.  See Note 5—Long-Term Incentive Plans— to the consolidated financial statements.

Income tax expense. Income tax expense increased from $6.4 million for the year ended December 31, 2016 to $26.2 million for the year ended December 31, 2017.  The increase is primarily due to higher taxable income as a result of the increase in equity in earnings of Antero Midstream  related to the IDRs, net of the increase in general and administrative expenses.

The difference between income tax expense and expected income tax expense for financial statement purposes computed by applying the federal statutory rate of 35% to pre-tax income is caused by nondeductible equity-based compensation and IPO expenses, and the effect of state income taxes.

Net income and comprehensive income. Net income and comprehensive income decreased from $9.7 million for the year ended December 31, 2016 to $2.3 million for the year ended December 31, 2017.  The decrease was primarily due to an increase in equity-based compensation and general and administrative expenses, partially offset by the increase in equity in earnings of Antero Midstream in 2017.

Capital Resources and Liquidity

Sources and Uses of Cash

As a result of our interest in IDR LLC, we will receive at least 94% of the cash distributions paid by Antero Midstream on its IDRs.  Our interest in the IDR distributions is our only cash-generating asset.  We expect that income attributable to the IDR distributions from Antero Midstream will be adequate to meet our working capital requirements and expected quarterly cash distributions for at least the next twelve months.  At December 31, 2018, we had a working capital deficit due to our income tax payable, which is based on equity in earnings from unconsolidated affiliates for the year ended December 31, 2018.  The cash distribution attributable to our equity in earnings for the three months ended December 31, 2018 will be received in the first quarter of 2019 when Antero Midstream declares and pays the cash distribution for the fourth quarter, and will be received prior to the due date of our tax payment. 

The following table and discussion present a summary of our combined net cash provided by (used in) operating activities and financing activities for the periods indicated:

 

Cash Flows Provided by Operating Activities

Net cash provided by operating activities was $9.5 million, $28.1 million, and $83.5 million for the years ended December 31, 2016, 2017, and 2018, respectively.  The increase in cash flows from operating activities in 2018 from 2017 of $55.5 million was due to an increase in distributions received from Antero Midstream of $69.7 million, partially offset by a $12.7 million increase in cash income taxes paid.  These changes, together with other working capital items, resulted in the net increase in cash provided by operating activities. 

The increase in cash flows from operating activities in 2017 from 2016 of $18.5 million was due to an increase in distributions from Antero Midstream of $43.1 million in 2017 compared to 2016, partially offset by a $5.5 million increase in general and administrative expenses (primarily attributable to the IPO) and a $19.1 million payment in 2017 for 2016 and 2017 income taxes.  These changes, together with other working capital items, resulted in the net increase in cash provided by operating activities.

Cash Flows Used in Investing Activities

We did not have any investing cash flows activities during the years ended December 31, 2016, 2017 or 2018.

Cash Flows Used in Financing Activities

Net cash used in financing activities increased from $31.7 million in 2017 to $86.7 million in 2018, an increase of $55.0 million.  The increase was due to an increase in quarterly cash distributions to our shareholders of $68.2 million, a decrease of $15.7 million in liquidating distributions to Antero Resources Investment LLC, the sole member of ARMM for all periods prior to our IPO, and an increase in distributions to Series B unitholders of $2.3 million.  Net cash used in financing activities for the year ended December 31, 2017 consisted of $15.7 million in pre-IPO income distributed to Antero Resources Investment LLC prior to its liquidation and $16.0 million in quarterly cash distributions to our shareholders.  We did not have any financing cash flows activities during the year ended December 31, 2016.

Credit Facility

On May 9, 2018, we entered into a credit facility (the “Credit Facility”) with a bank, which provides for a line of credit of up to $12 million.  The maturity date of the Credit Facility is May 6, 2019.

The Credit Facility is guaranteed by IDR LLC and secured by a pledge of the Series A Units in IDR LLC and the membership interests in AMP GP.

Interest is payable on borrowings at a variable rate based on the base rate plus a margin rate of interest equal to 1.00% per annum.  The base rate is the highest of (i) the Federal Funds Rate plus ½ of 1%, (ii) the rate of interest in effect for such day as publicly announced from time to time by the Lender as its “prime rate” and (iii) the Eurodollar Rate plus 1.00%.

The Credit Facility contains customary events of default and various affirmative and negative covenants, including a requirement to completely repay amounts outstanding under the line of credit at least once each fiscal quarter.  We were in compliance with all of the financial covenants under the Credit Facility as of December 31, 2018.

At December 31, 2018, we had no borrowings under the Credit Facility.

Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates

The discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations are based upon our consolidated financial statements, which have been prepared in accordance with GAAP.  The preparation of our financial statements requires us to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenues and expenses, and related disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities.  Certain accounting policies involve judgments and uncertainties to such an extent that there is reasonable likelihood that materially different amounts could have been reported under different conditions, or if different assumptions had been used.  We evaluate our estimates and assumptions on a regular basis.  We base our estimates on historical experience and various other assumptions that are believed to be reasonable under the circumstances, the results of which form the basis for making judgments about the carrying values of assets and liabilities that are not readily apparent from other sources.  Actual results may differ from these estimates and assumptions used in preparation of our consolidated financial statements.  See Note 2—Summary of Significant Accounting Policies to the financial statements for a discussion of additional accounting policies and estimates made by management.

Equity Method Accounting

We use the equity method to account for our investment in Antero Midstream because we have the ability to exercise significant influence over, but not control, Antero Midstream.  Accordingly, we record, in the period in which it is earned, distributions from Antero Midstream associated with our ownership of IDR LLC, which owns 100% of Antero Midstream’s IDRs.  The financial statements of AMGP do not consolidate the accounts of Antero Midstream.  The accounts of Antero Midstream, a variable interest entity, are included in the consolidated financial statements of Antero Resources, the primary beneficiary of Antero Midstream.  See Note 2—Summary of Significant Accounting Policies for further discussion.

Equity-Based Compensation

Equity-based compensation awards are measured at their grant date fair value and related compensation cost is recognized over the vesting period of the grant.  Compensation cost for awards with only service conditions is recognized on a straight-line basis over the requisite service period of the entire reward.  Estimating the fair value of each award involves a number of significant estimates including interest rates, expected volatility of our equity value, and expected distributions on the Series B Units.

Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements

As of December 31, 2018, we did not have any off-balance sheet arrangements.

 

Item 7A.  Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk

The nature of our business and operations is such that no activities or transactions are conducted or entered into by us that would require us to have a discussion under this item.

For a discussion of these matters as they pertain to Antero Midstream, please read “Item 7A.  Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk” of Antero Midstream’s Annual Report on Form 10‑K for the year ended December 31, 2018, which has been included in this filing as Exhibit 99.1 and incorporated herein by reference, as the activities of Antero Midstream have a significant impact on our results of operations and financial position.

Item 8.  Financial Statements and Supplementary Data

The Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm, Consolidated Financial Statements and supplementary financial data required for this Item are set forth beginning on page F‑1 of this report and are incorporated herein by reference.

 

Item 9.  Changes in and Disagreements with Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure

Not applicable.

 

Item 9A.  Controls and Procedures

Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures

As required by Rule 13a‑15(b) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”), we have evaluated, under the supervision and with the participation of our management, including our principal executive officer and principal financial officer, the effectiveness of the design and operation of our disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rules 13a‑15(e) and 15d‑15(e) under the Exchange Act) as of the end of the period covered by this annual report.  Our disclosure controls and procedures are designed to provide reasonable assurance that information required to be disclosed in the reports that we file or submit under the Exchange Act is accumulated and communicated to our management, including our principal executive officer and principal financial officer, as appropriate, to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure and is recorded, processed, summarized and reported, within the time periods specified in the SEC’s rules and forms. Based upon that evaluation, our principal executive officer and principal financial officer concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures were effective as December 31, 2018 at a reasonable assurance level.

Changes in Internal Control Over Financial Reporting

There have been no changes in our internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Rules 13a‑15(f) and 15d‑15(f) under the Exchange Act) during the fourth quarter of 2018 that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.

Management’s Annual Report on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting

Our general partner is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting for us as defined in Rules 13a‑15(f) and 15d‑15(f) of the Exchange Act.  This system is designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America.

Our internal control over financial reporting includes those policies and procedures that:

(i)pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect our transactions and dispositions of the assets;

(ii)provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, and that our receipts and expenditures are being made only in accordance with authorizations of our management and directors; and

(iii)provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use, or disposition of our assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements. 

Because of its inherent limitations, a system of internal control over financial reporting can provide only reasonable assurance and may not prevent or detect all misstatements.  Further, because of changes in conditions, effectiveness of internal controls over financial reporting may vary over time.

Under the supervision of, and with the participation of our management, including the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, we conducted an evaluation of the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting based on the framework and criteria established in Internal Control—Integrated Framework in 2013, issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission.  Based on this evaluation, management of our general partner concluded that our internal control over financial reporting was effective as of December 31, 2018.

The effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2018 has been audited by KPMG LLP, an independent registered public accounting firm which also audited our consolidated financial statements as of and for the year ended December 31, 2018, as stated in their report which appears on page F-2 in this report.

Item 9B.  Other Information

Disclosure pursuant to Section 13(r) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934

Pursuant to Section 13(r) of the Exchange Act, we may be required to disclose in our annual and quarterly reports to the SEC whether we or any of our “affiliates” knowingly engaged in certain activities, transactions or dealings relating to Iran or with certain individuals or entities targeted by US economic sanctions.  Disclosure is generally required even where the activities, transactions or dealings were conducted in compliance with applicable law.  Because the SEC defines the term “affiliate” broadly, it includes any entity under common “control” with us (and the term “control” is also construed broadly by the SEC).

The description of the activities below has been provided to us by Warburg Pincus LLC (“WP”), affiliates of which: (i) beneficially own more than 10% of our outstanding common shares and are members of the board of directors of our general partner, and (ii) beneficially own more than 10% of the outstanding common stock and are members of the board of directors of Endurance International Group Holdings, Inc. (together with its subsidiaries, “EIGI”).  EIGI may therefore be deemed to be under common “control” with us; however, this statement is not meant to be an admission that common control exists.

The disclosure below relates solely to activities conducted by EIGI.  The disclosure does not relate to any activities conducted by us or by WP and does not involve our or WP’s management. Neither we nor WP has had any involvement in or control over the disclosed activities, and neither we nor WP has independently verified or participated in the preparation of the disclosure.  Neither we nor WP is representing as to the accuracy or completeness of the disclosure nor do we or WP undertake any obligation to correct or update it.

We understand that EIGI intends to disclose the following in its next annual or quarterly SEC report:

On July 25, 2018, the Office of Foreign Assets Control (“OFAC”) designated Electronics Katrangi Trading (“Katrangi”) as a Specially Designated National (“SDN”) pursuant to the Weapons of Mass Destruction Proliferators Sanctions Regulations, 31 C.F.R. Part 544. On July 30, 2018, during a regular compliance scan of EIGI’s user base, EIGI identified the domain SGP-FRANCE.COM (the “Domain Name”) which was listed as a website associated with Katrangi, on one of EIGI’s platforms. The Domain Name was managed using one of EIGI’s platforms by one of its reseller customers.  Accordingly, there was no direct financial transaction between EIGI and the registered owner of the Domain Name and EIGI did not generate any revenue in connection with the Domain Name since Katrangi was added to the SDN list on July 25, 2018.  Upon discovering the Domain Name on its platform, EIGI promptly suspended the Domain Name and removed it from its platform.  EIGI reported the Domain Name to OFAC on August 7, 2018.

On November 6, 2018, EIGI terminated an end customer account (the “End Customer Account”) that EIGI believed to be associated with Arian Bank, which was identified by OFAC as an SDN on November 5, 2018, pursuant to 31 C.F.R. Part 594.  EIGI initially acquired the End Customer Account on January 23, 2014 as part of EIGI’s acquisition of P.D.R Solutions FZC.  EIGI reported the End Customer Account to OFAC as potentially the property of an SDN subject to blocking pursuant to Executive Order 13224.  As of February 1, 2019, EIGI had not received any correspondence from OFAC regarding this matter.

PART III

Item 10.  Directors, Executive Officers, and Corporate Governance

Management of Antero Midstream GP LP

Our general partner, AMGP GP LLC (“AMGP GP”), manages our operations and activities.  Our shareholders are limited partners and do not participate in the management of our operations.  As a general partner, our general partner is liable for all of our debts (to the extent not paid from our assets), except for indebtedness or other obligations that are made specifically non‑recourse to it.  Our general partner has the sole discretion to incur indebtedness or other obligations on our behalf on a non‑recourse basis to the general partner.

We and our general partner have no employees.  All of our officers and other personnel necessary for our business to function (to the extent not outsourced) are employed by Antero Resources.  As a result, the services agreement provides for our payment of an annual fee to Antero Resources for corporate, general and administrative services.  This fee was initially $0.5 million per year and is subject to adjustment on an annual basis based on the CPI.  The fee is also subject to adjustment to reflect any increase in the cost of providing services due to changes in applicable law, rules or regulations and any increase in the scope and extent of the services provided.  The fee will not be decreased below the initial fee unless the type or extent of services provided materially decreases.

All of our officers and a majority of the directors of our general partner are also officers or directors of Antero Resources and Antero Midstream’s general partner.  Our general partner’s executive officers expect to spend the substantial majority of their time managing the business of Antero Midstream and Antero Resources, which benefits us as Antero Midstream’s performance determines our success.  We estimate that these officers spend less than 10% of their time on our business, as distinct from Antero Midstream’s and Antero Resources’ businesses.  The actual time devoted by these officers to managing our business as well as Antero Midstream’s and Antero Resources’ will fluctuate as a result of the relative activity level between the two entities.  The amount of incremental time spent by non‑officer directors who serve on both boards depends to some extent on committee assignments, but our general partner estimates that such directors will spend less than 20% more time by serving on the board of directors of our general partner.

In addition to the fee and expenses described above, we reimburse Antero Resources for costs and expenses to the extent that such costs and expenses are directly allocable to the provision of services to us, our general partner, or our subsidiaries (other than Antero Midstream and its subsidiaries), including recurring costs associated with being a separate publicly traded entity, and taxes, other than payroll taxes, or other direct operating expenses, paid by Antero Resources for our benefit.  We also reimburse our general partner for any additional expenses incurred on our behalf or to maintain our legal existence and good standing.  There is no limit on the amount of fees and expenses we may be required to pay to affiliates of our general partner on our behalf pursuant to the services agreement.

Board Leadership Structure

The Board of Directors of AMGP GP (the “Board”) does not have a formal policy addressing whether or not the roles of Chairman and Chief Executive Officer should be separate or combined.  The directors serving on the Board possess considerable professional and industry experience, significant experience as directors of both public and private companies and a unique knowledge of the challenges and opportunities that we face.  As such, the Board believes that it is in the best position to evaluate our needs and to determine how best to organize our leadership structure to meet those needs.

At present, our Board has chosen to combine the positions of Chairman and Chief Executive Officer.  While the Board believes it is important to retain the flexibility to determine whether the roles of Chairman and Chief Executive Officer should be separated or combined in one individual, the Board believes that the current Chief Executive Officer is an individual with the necessary experience, commitment and support of the other members of the Board to effectively carry out the role of Chairman.

The Board believes this structure promotes better alignment of strategic development and execution, more effective implementation of strategic initiatives and clearer accountability for our success or failure.  Moreover, the Board believes that combining the Chairman and Chief Executive Officer positions does not impede independent oversight of AMGP.  Five of the seven members of the Board are independent under NYSE rules.

Board’s Role in Risk Oversight

In the normal course of our business, we are exposed to a variety of risks.  The Board oversees our strategic direction, and in doing so considers the potential rewards and risks of our business opportunities and challenges, and monitors the development and management of risks that impact our strategic goals.

Executive Sessions

To facilitate candid discussion among our directors, the non-management directors meet in regularly scheduled executive sessions.  The director who presides at these meetings is chosen by the Board prior to such meetings.

Interested Party Communications

Shareholders and other interested parties may communicate by writing to: Antero Midstream GP LP, 1615 Wynkoop Street, Denver, Colorado 80202.  Shareholders may submit their communications to the Board, any committee of the Board or individual directors on a confidential or anonymous basis by sending the communication in a sealed envelope marked "Shareholder Communication with Directors" and clearly identify the intended recipient(s) of the communication.

Our Chief Administrative Officer will review each communication and other interested parties and will forward the communication, as expeditiously as reasonably practicable, to the addressee if: (1) the communication complies with the requirements of any applicable policy adopted by the Board relating to the subject matter of the communication; and (2) the communication falls within the scope of matters generally considered by the Board.  To the extent the subject matter of a communication relates to matters that have been delegated by the Board to a committee or to an executive officer of the general partner, then the general partner’s Chief Administrative Officer may forward the communication to the executive officer or chairman of the committee to which the matter has been delegated.  The acceptance and forwarding of communications to the members of the Board or an executive officer does not imply or create any fiduciary duty of the Board members or executive officer to the person submitting the communications.

Information may be submitted confidentially and anonymously, although we may be obligated by law to disclose the information or identity of the person providing the information in connection with government or private legal actions and in other circumstances.  Our policy is not to take any adverse action, and not to tolerate any retaliation, against any person for asking questions or making good faith reports of possible violations of law, our policies or our Corporate Code of Business Conduct and Ethics.

Available Governance Materials

The Board has adopted the following materials, which are available on our website at www.anteromidstreamgp.com:

Shareholders may obtain a copy, free of charge, of each of these documents by sending a written request to Antero Midstream GP LP, 1615 Wynkoop Street, Denver, Colorado, 80202.  We intend to disclose any amendments to, or waivers from, our Code of Business Conduct and Ethics on our website.

Directors and Executive Officers

The following table shows information for our general partner’s executive officers and directors.  Directors hold office until their successors have been elected or qualified or until the earlier of their death, resignation, removal or disqualification.  Executive officers serve at the discretion of the board.  There are no family relationships among any of the directors or executive officers.  Some

of the directors and all of the executive officers also serve as executive officers of Antero Resources and Antero Midstream’s general partner.

 

Paul M. Rady has served as Chief Executive Officer of our general partner since January 2017 and as Chairman of the Board of Directors of our general partner since April 2017 and has served as Chief Executive Officer and Chairman of the Board of Directors of the general partner of Antero Midstream since February 2014.  Mr. Rady was a co‑founder and served as Chief Executive Officer and Chairman of the Board of Directors of Antero Resources since May 2004 and of its predecessor company from its founding in 2002 to its sale to XTO Energy, Inc. in April 2005.  Prior to Antero Resources, Mr. Rady served as President, CEO and Chairman of Pennaco Energy from 1998 until its sale to Marathon in early 2001.  Prior to Pennaco, Mr. Rady was with Barrett Resources from 1990 until 1998 where he initially was recruited as Chief Geologist in 1990, then served as Exploration Manager, EVP Exploration, President, COO and Director and ultimately CEO.  Mr. Rady began his career with Amoco where he served 10 years as a geologist focused on the Rockies and Mid‑Continent.  Mr. Rady is the managing member of Salisbury Investment Holdings, LLC.  Mr. Rady holds a B.A. in Geology from Western Colorado University and M.Sc. in Geology from Western Washington University.

Mr. Rady’s significant experience as a chief executive of oil and gas companies, together with his training as a geologist and broad industry knowledge, enable Mr. Rady to provide the board with executive counsel on a full range of business, strategic and professional matters.

Glen C. Warren, Jr. has served as President and Secretary of our general partner since January 2017 and as a director of our general partner since April 2017 and has served as President and Secretary and as a director of the general partner of Antero Midstream since January 2016, prior to which he served as President, Chief Financial Officer and Secretary and as a director of the general partner of Antero Midstream beginning in February 2014.  Mr. Warren was a co‑founder and served as President, Chief Financial Officer and Secretary and as a director of Antero Resources since May 2004 and of its predecessor company from its founding in 2002 to its sale to XTO Energy, Inc. in April 2005.  Prior to Antero Resources, Mr. Warren served as EVP, CFO and Director of Pennaco Energy from 1998 until its sale to Marathon in early 2001.  Mr. Warren spent 10 years as a natural resources investment banker focused on equity and debt financing and M&A advisory with Lehman Brothers, Dillon, Read and Kidder, Peabody & Co. Mr. Warren began his career as a landman in the Gulf Coast region with Amoco, where he spent six years.  Mr. Warren is the managing member of Canton Investment Holdings, LLC.  Mr. Warren holds a B.A. from the University of Mississippi, a J.D. from the University of Mississippi School of Law and an M.B.A. from the Anderson School of Management at U.C.L.A.

Mr. Warren’s significant experience as a chief financial officer of oil and gas companies, together with his experience as an investment banker and broad industry knowledge, enable Mr. Warren to provide the board with executive counsel on a full range of business, strategic, financial and professional matters.

Michael N. Kennedy has served as our Chief Financial Officer and Senior Vice President of Finance since April 2017 and has served as Chief Financial Officer and Senior Vice President of Finance of the general partner of Antero Midstream since January 2016, prior to which he served as Vice President of Finance of the general partner of Antero Midstream beginning in February 2014.  Mr. Kennedy has also served as Senior Vice President of Finance of Antero Resources since January 2016, prior to which he served as Vice President of Finance of Antero Resources beginning in August 2013.  Mr. Kennedy was Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer of Forest Oil Corporation (“Forest”) from 2009 to 2013.  From 2001 until 2009, Mr. Kennedy held various financial

positions of increasing responsibility within Forest.  From 1996 to 2001, Mr. Kennedy was an auditor with Arthur Andersen focusing on the Natural Resources industry.  Mr. Kennedy holds a B.S. in Accounting from the University of Colorado at Boulder.

Kevin J. Kilstrom has served as our Senior Vice President of Production since April 2017 and has served as Senior Vice President of Production of the general partner of Antero Midstream since January 2016, prior to which he served as Vice President of Production of the general partner of Antero Midstream beginning in February 2014.  Mr. Kilstrom also has served as Senior Vice President of Production of Antero Resources since January 2016, prior to which he served as Vice President of Production of Antero Resources beginning in June 2007.  Mr. Kilstrom was a Manager of Petroleum Engineering with AGL Energy of Sydney, Australia (“AGL”) from 2006 to 2007.  Prior to AGL, Mr. Kilstrom was with Marathon Oil (“Marathon”) as an Engineering Consultant and Asset Manager from 2003 to 2006 and as a Business Unit Manager for Marathon’s Powder River coal bed methane assets from 2001 to 2003.  Mr. Kilstrom also served as a member of the board of directors of three Marathon subsidiaries from October 2003 through May 2005.  Mr. Kilstrom was an Operations Manager and reserve engineer at Pennaco Energy from 1999 to 2001.  Mr. Kilstrom was at Amoco for more than 22 years prior to 1999.  Mr. Kilstrom holds a B.S. in Engineering from Iowa State University and an M.B.A. from DePaul University.

Alvyn A. Schopp has served as our Chief Administrative Officer, Regional Senior Vice President, and Treasurer since April 2017 and has served as Chief Administrative Officer, Regional Senior Vice President, and Treasurer of Antero Midstream’s general partner since January 2016, prior to which he served as Chief Administrative Officer, Regional Vice President and Treasurer of Antero Midstream’s general partner beginning in February 2014.  Mr. Schopp has also served as Chief Administrative Officer, Regional Senior Vice President, and Treasurer of Antero Resources since January 2016, as Chief Administrative Officer, Regional Vice President and Treasurer from September 2013 to January 2016, as Vice President of Accounting and Administration and Treasurer from January 2005 to September 2013, as Controller and Treasurer from 2003 to 2005 and as Vice President of Accounting and Administration and Treasurer of Antero Resources’ predecessor company, Antero Resources Corporation, from January 2005 until its sale to XTO Energy, Inc. in April 2005. From 1993 to 2000, Mr. Schopp was CFO, Director and ultimately CEO of T‑Netix.  From 1980 to 1993 Mr. Schopp was with KPMG LLP.  As a Senior Manager with KPMG, he maintained an extensive energy and mining practice.  Mr. Schopp holds a B.B.A. from Drake University.

Peter R. Kagan has served as a director of our general partner since April 2017.  Mr. Kagan has also served as a director of Antero Midstream since February 2014 and a director of Antero Resources since 2004.  Mr. Kagan has been with Warburg Pincus since 1997 where he leads the firm’s investment activities in energy and natural resources.  He is a Partner of Warburg Pincus & Co. and a Managing Director of Warburg Pincus LLC.  He is also a member of Warburg Pincus LLC’s Executive Management Group.  Mr. Kagan received a B.A. degree cum laude from Harvard College and J.D. and M.B.A. degrees with honors from the University of Chicago.  Prior to joining Warburg Pincus, he worked in investment banking at Salomon Brothers in both New York and Hong Kong.  Mr. Kagan currently also serves on the boards of directors of the following public companies: Laredo Petroleum Holdings, Inc., MEG Energy Corp. and Targa Resources Corp., as well as the boards of several private companies.  In addition, he is a director of Resources for the Future and a trustee of Milton Academy.

Mr. Kagan has significant experience with energy companies and investments and broad knowledge of the oil and gas industry.  We believe his background and skill set make Mr. Kagan well‑suited to serve as a member of our board of directors.

W. Howard Keenan, Jr. has served as a director of our general partner since April 2017.  Mr. Keenan has also served as a director of Antero Midstream since February 2014 and a director of Antero Resources since 2004.  Mr. Keenan has over 40 years of experience in the financial and energy businesses.  Since 1997, he has been a Member of Yorktown Partners LLC, a private investment manager focused on the energy industry.  From 1975 to 1997, he was in the Corporate Finance Department of Dillon, Read & Co. Inc. and active in the private equity and energy areas, including the founding of the first Yorktown Partners fund in 1991.  He is serving or has served as a director of multiple Yorktown Portfolio companies and currently serves as a director of the following public companies: Ramaco Resources, Inc. and Solaris Oilfield Infrastructure, Inc. Mr. Keenan holds a B.A. degree cum laude from Harvard College and an M.B.A. degree from Harvard University.

Mr. Keenan has significant experience with energy companies and investments and broad knowledge of the oil and gas industry.  We believe his background and skill set make Mr. Keenan well‑suited to serve as a member of our board of directors.

James R. Levy has served as a director of our general partner since April 2017 and joined the audit committee of the board of directors of our general partner in connection with our listing on the NYSE.  Mr. Levy has also served as a director of Antero Resources since October 2013, where he serves on the compensation committee.  Mr. Levy joined Warburg Pincus in 2006 and focuses on

investments in the energy industry.  Mr. Levy is a Partner of Warburg Pincus & Co. and a Managing Director of Warburg Pincus LLC.  Prior to joining Warburg Pincus, Mr. Levy worked as a private equity investor at Kohlberg & Company and in M&A advisory at Wasserstein Perella & Co. Mr. Levy currently serves on the board of directors of Laredo Petroleum as well as the board of directors of several private companies.  In addition, he is a trustee of Prep for Prep.  Mr. Levy received a Bachelor of Arts degree from Yale University.

Mr. Levy has significant experience with energy companies and investments and broad knowledge of the oil and gas industry.  We believe his background and skill set make Mr. Levy well‑suited to serve as a member of our board of directors.

Brooks J. Klimley joined the board of our general partner in connection with our listing on the NYSE in 2017, and serves as a member of the audit committee.  Mr. Klimley served as a director of Antero Midstream, where he also served as a member of the audit committee, from March 2015 until he joined the board of our general partner.  In 2013, Mr. Klimley joined The Silverfern Group, which is focused on private equity co‑investments, after a nearly 25 year career leading investment banking practices covering the energy and mining sectors.  In addition, he has served as an Adjunct Professor at Columbia University’s graduate schools of business and international affairs since 2010.  Previously, Mr. Klimley acted as President of Brooks J. Klimley & Associates, an energy advisory services firm focused on strategy and capital raising for energy and natural resources companies.  Prior to founding his own firm in 2009, Mr. Klimley acted as the President of CIT Energy and held senior leadership positions at a number of financial institutions, including Citicorp, Bear Stearns, UBS and Kidder, Peabody.  Mr. Klimley holds a dual B.A./M.A. in Jurisprudence (Law) from Oxford University and a joint degree in Economics and History from Columbia University.

Mr. Klimley has significant experience with energy companies and investments and broad knowledge of the oil and gas industry.  We believe his background and skill set make Mr. Klimley well‑suited to serve as a member of our board of directors.

Rose M. Robeson joined the board of directors of our general partner in connection with our listing on the NYSE in 2017, and serves as chairman of the audit committee.  Prior to her retirement in March 2014, Ms. Robeson was Senior Vice President & Chief Financial Officer of DCP Midstream GP, LLC, the general partner of DCP Midstream Partners, LP from May 2012 until January 2014.  Ms. Robeson also served as Group Vice President and Chief Financial Officer of DCP Midstream LLC from January 2002 to May 2012.  Ms. Robeson served as a director of American Midstream GP, LLC, the general partner of American Midstream Partners, LP (NYSE: AMID) from June 2014 to June 2016.  Ms. Robeson served as a director of Tesco Corporation from November 2015 to December 2017.  Ms. Robeson earned her B.S. degree in accounting from Northwest Missouri State University.  Ms. Robeson became a certified public accountant in 1983 and her license is currently inactive.  Ms. Robeson is a member of the board of directors of SM Energy, an independent energy company engaged in the acquisition, development, and production of crude oil, natural gas and natural gas liquids in onshore North America, and serves as Audit Committee Chair and serves on the Nominating and Governance Committee.  Ms. Robeson is also a director of Newpark Resources (NYSE: NR), a worldwide provider of drilling fluids systems and composite matting systems used in oilfield services, and serves on the Audit, Compensation, and Nominating and Governance committees.

Ms. Robeson brings to the Board over 30 years of experience in various aspects of the oil and gas industry, including exploration and production, midstream and refining and marketing.  She also has significant financial management, risk management and accounting oversight experience, which is important in the oversight of our financial reporting and risk management functions.  Ms. Robeson’s service on other public company boards enhances her strong corporate governance background.  We believe her background and skill set make Ms. Robeson well‑suited to serve as a member of our board of directors and as Chairman of the audit committee.

Peter Dea has served as a director of our general partner since April 2018.  He is the Co-Founder and Executive Chairman of Confluence Resources LP, a Denver, Colorado-based oil and gas exploration and production company, and has been with the company since its inception in September 2016.  Mr. Dea also serves  on  the  Boards  of  Encana  Corporation and  Liberty  Oilfield Services.  Additionally, Mr. Dea served as Co-Founder, President and CEO of Cirque Resources LP since its inception in May 2007 and served as President, CEO and a Director of Western Gas Resources, Inc., from 2001 through their merger with Anadarko Petroleum Corporation in 2006.  He joined Barrett Resources Corporation in 1993 and was CEO from 1999 and Chairman of the Board from 2000 until its sale in 2001 to Williams.  Prior to joining Barrett, Mr. Dea held various management and geologic positions for Exxon Company USA.  In addition to receiving geology degrees from the University of Montana, MS, and Western Colorado University, BA, he also attended the Harvard Business School Advanced Management Program.

Mr. Dea brings to the Board 35 years of experience and leadership in the exploration and development of multiple shale plays across the U.S., further supporting AMGP’s and its affiliates’ integrated long-term strategy and focus. We believe his background and skill set make Mr. Dea well‑suited to serve as a member of our board of directors and audit committee.

Committees of the Board of Directors

The board of directors of our general partner has an audit committee.  We do not have a compensation committee, but rather the board of directors of our general partner approves equity grants to directors and Antero Resources employees.  The board of directors of our general partner may establish a conflicts committee to review specific matters that the board believes may involve conflicts of interest.

Audit Committee

Rules implemented by the NYSE and SEC require us to have an audit committee comprised of at least three directors who meet the independence and experience standards established by the NYSE and the Exchange Act.  Messrs. Klimley and Dea serve on our audit committee, and Ms. Robeson serves as the Chairman of the committee.  As required by the rules of the SEC and listing standards of the NYSE, the audit committee currently consists solely of independent directors under the standards established by the NYSE and the Exchange Act.  SEC rules also require that a public company disclose whether or not its audit committee has an “audit committee financial expert” as a member.  An “audit committee financial expert” is defined as a person who, based on his or her experience, possesses the attributes outlined in such rules.  Our board of directors believes that Ms. Robeson possesses substantial financial experience based on her extensive experience in finance as it relates to the oil and gas industry as the former CFO of DCP Midstream LLC.  As a result of these qualifications, we believe Ms. Robeson satisfies the definition of “audit committee financial expert.”

This committee oversees, reviews, acts on and reports on various auditing and accounting matters to our board of directors, including: the selection of our independent accountants, the scope of our annual audits, fees to be paid to the independent accountants, the performance of our independent accountants and our accounting practices.  In addition, the audit committee oversees our compliance programs relating to legal and regulatory requirements.  We adopted an audit committee charter defining the committee’s primary duties in a manner consistent with the rules of the SEC and NYSE.

Conflicts Committee

Our general partner may, from time to time, have a conflicts committee to which the board will appoint at least two independent directors and which may be asked to review specific matters that the board believes may involve conflicts of interest and determines to submit to the conflicts committee for review.  The conflicts committee will determine if the resolution of the conflict of interest is adverse to the interest of the partnership.  The members of the conflicts committee may not be officers or employees of our general partner or directors, officers or employees of its affiliates, Antero Resources, and must meet the independence standards established by the NYSE and the Exchange Act to serve on an audit committee of a board of directors, along with other requirements in our partnership agreement.  Any matters approved by the conflicts committee will be conclusively deemed to be approved by us and all of our partners and not a breach by our general partner of any duties it may owe us or our unitholders.

On February 26, 2018, we announced that the board of directors of our general partner formed a conflicts committee composed solely of directors who satisfy the requirements for serving on our general partner’s conflicts committee in conjunction with the formation of the special committee at Antero Resources, and a conflicts committee at Antero Midstream.  In connection with the conflicts committee’s efforts to explore, review and evaluate potential transactions involving AMGP, on October 9, 2018, we announced that we had entered into the Simplification Agreement, pursuant to which, among other things, (1) we will be converted from a limited partnership to a corporation under the laws of the State of Delaware, to be named Antero Midstream Corporation; (2) an indirect, wholly owned subsidiary of New AM will be merged with and into Antero Midstream, with Antero Midstream surviving the merger as an indirect, wholly owned subsidiary of New AM and (3) all the issued and outstanding Series B Units representing limited liability company interests of IDR LLC will be exchanged for an aggregate of approximately 17.35 million shares of New AM’s Common Stock.  As a result of the Transactions, Antero Midstream will be a wholly owned subsidiary of New AM and our former shareholders, unitholders of Antero Midstream and holders of Series B Units will each own New AM’s common stock.

Section 16(a) Beneficial Ownership Reporting Compliance

Section 16(a) of the Exchange Act requires executive officers and board members of our general partner and persons who beneficially own more than 10% of a registered class of our equity securities to file reports of ownership and changes in ownership with the SEC and to furnish us with copies of all such reports.

Based solely upon our review of reports received by us, or representations from certain reporting persons that no filings were required, we believe that all of the officers and board members of our general partner and persons who beneficially owned more than 10% of our common units complied with all applicable filing requirements during fiscal year 2018.

Item 11.  Executive Compensation

Neither we nor our general partner have any employees.  All of the executive officers of our general partner and other personnel who provide services to our business are employed by Antero Resources.  This Item 11 provides information relating to the compensation of the following named executive officers of our general partner, whom we refer to herein collectively as our “Named Executive Officers”:

2018 Named Executive Officers

Our Named Executive Officers currently receive all of their compensation and benefits for services provided to our business from Antero Resources, Antero Midstream and IDR LLC.  All decisions regarding the compensation of our Named Executive Officers, other than with respect to long-term equity incentive awards under the Antero Midstream Partners LP Long-Term Incentive Plan (the “Midstream LTIP”) and Series B Units issued by IDR LLC, are made by the compensation committee of Antero Resources’ board of directors (the “Compensation Committee”).  Pursuant to the services agreement that we have entered into with Antero Resources and our general partner, we are required to reimburse Antero Resources for a proportionate amount of compensation expenses incurred on our behalf.  Although we bear an allocated portion of Antero Resources’ costs of providing such compensation and benefits to our Named Executive Officers, we have no control over such costs and do not establish or direct the compensation policies or practices of Antero Resources, Antero Midstream or IDR LLC.

The following Compensation Discussion and Analysis provides an overview of compensation policies and programs applicable to our Named Executive Officers and describes the compensation objectives, policies and practices with respect to our Named Executive Officers.  The elements of compensation provided by Antero Resources and the Compensation Committee’s decisions with respect to our Named Executive Officers’ compensation are not subject to approval by the Board.  Certain members of the Board are members of the board of directors of Antero Resources. Messrs. Kagan, Keenan and Levy served on our Board and the board of directors of Antero Resources in 2018.  As used in this Item 11 (other than in this “Overview” and the “Compensation of Directors” section below), references to “our,” “we,” “us,” the “Company,” and similar terms refer to Antero Resources, references to the “Board” or “Board of Directors” refer to the board of directors of Antero Resources, and references to the Partnership refer to Antero Midstream.

The following discussion provides information about our compensation decisions and policies with regard to our Named Executive Officers for the 2018 fiscal year, and is intended to provide investors with the information necessary to understand our compensation policies and decisions.  It also provides context for the disclosure included in the executive compensation tables below.

At the Company’s 2018 annual meeting, the stockholders of the Company were asked to approve, on an advisory basis, the compensation of the Named Executive Officers.  Advisory votes in favor of our executive compensation program were cast by over 98% of the shares of common stock of the Company counted as present and entitled to vote at the Company’s 2018 annual meeting.  The Compensation Committee took the results of the “Say on Pay” vote in account when evaluating the compensation of the Named Executive Officers in 2018.  We have continued, and plan to continue, engaging in ongoing shareholder outreach regarding corporate governance generally, including executive compensation programs.

Since our inception, our compensation philosophy has been predominantly focused on recruiting individuals who are motivated to help us achieve superior performance and growth.  Our company was founded by entrepreneurs whose strategy was to employ high-impact executives who are extremely effective at sparking superior performance with low overhead.  These highly qualified and experienced individuals have contributed to the continued success of our Company, driving an 20% compound annual growth rate in debt-adjusted net production per share and a 21% compound annual growth rate in oil and gas net proved reserves since the Company’s 2013 IPO.

Historically, to achieve our objectives, we sought to implement a compensation program that reflected the unique strategy and entrepreneurial culture of our organization.  Specifically, we sought to reward our Named Executive Officers by emphasizing long-term equity-based incentive compensation, which allowed our senior leaders to build significant ownership in the Company.  We believe this approach served to motivate our Named Executive Officers and align their interests with those of the Company and our shareholders.  Our Named Executive Officers currently hold approximately 9% of our outstanding shares, which ensures they identify with the best interests of our shareholders.

As the Company continues to mature, we are continuing to transition from an entrepreneurial-based management incentive structure to a more traditional compensation program.  This transition called for us to make certain modifications to our compensation philosophy and attendant adjustments in our compensation program.  More specifically, our goal is to focus on returns and value creation per share that will reward more disciplined capital investment, efficient operations, and free cash flow generation.  In addition, for calendar year 2018, we adopted a simplified annual incentive program that focuses on four key performance metrics.  Further, our compensation program targets the market median for all elements of our Named Executive Officers’ compensation.  We believe these changes to our compensation philosophy and practices promoted a stronger alignment between Named Executive Officer pay and Company performance, and deliver greater value to our shareholders as our Company continues to grow and mature.

The following table highlights the compensation best practices we follow:

Role of the Compensation Committee

The Compensation Committee oversees all matters of our executive compensation program and has the final decision-making authority on all executive compensation matters.  Each year, the Compensation Committee reviews, modifies (if necessary), and approves our peer group, corporate goals and objectives relevant to the compensation of the Company’s Chief Executive Officer (“CEO”) and other executive officers, and the executive compensation program.  In addition, the Compensation Committee is responsible for reviewing the performance of the CEO and the Company’s President, Chief Financial Officer and Secretary (“President/CFO”) within the framework of our executive compensation goals and objectives.  Based on this evaluation, the Compensation Committee sets the compensation of the CEO and the President/CFO.

The CEO and the President/CFO typically provide recommendations to the Compensation Committee regarding the compensation levels for the other executive officers and for our executive compensation program as a whole.  In making their recommendations, the CEO and the President/CFO consider each executive officer’s performance during the year, the Company’s performance during the year, and comparable company compensation levels and independent oil and gas company compensation surveys.  The Compensation Committee considers these recommendations when reviewing the performance of, and setting compensation for, the other executive officers.

Actual compensation decisions for individual officers are the result of a subjective analysis of a number of factors, including the individual officer’s role within our organization, performance, experience, skills or tenure with us, changes to the individual’s position, and relevant trends in compensation practices.  The Compensation Committee also considers a Named Executive Officer’s current and prior compensation when setting future compensation.  Specifically, current compensation is considered a base, and the Compensation Committee determines whether adjustments to that base are necessary to retain the executive in light of competition and to provide continuing performance incentives.  Thus, the Compensation Committee’s decisions regarding compensation are the result of the exercise of judgment based on all reasonably available information and, to that extent, compensation is discretionary.

Role of External Advisors

The Compensation Committee has the authority to retain an independent executive compensation consultant.  For 2018, the Compensation Committee retained Frederic W. Cook & Co., Inc. (“F.W. Cook”).  In compliance with the SEC and NYSE disclosure requirements, the Compensation Committee reviewed the independence of F.W. Cook under six independence factors.  After its review, the Compensation Committee determined that F.W. Cook was independent.

In 2018, F.W. Cook:

F.W. Cook’s reports were provided to the Compensation Committee in 2018 and also used by Messrs. Rady and Warren in making their recommendations to the Compensation Committee.

Competitive Benchmarking

When assessing the soundness of our compensation programs, the Compensation Committee compares the pay practices for our Named Executive Officers against the pay practices of other companies.  This process recognizes our philosophy that our compensation practices should be competitive, though marketplace information is only one of the many factors we consider.

Messrs. Rady and Warren used market compensation data provided by F.W. Cook to assess the total compensation levels of our top five executives relative to market, and to make recommendations to the Compensation Committee.  Market data is developed by comparing each executive officer’s compensation with that of officers in similar positions with companies in our Peer Group (described below) and with those in the E&P industry in general.  To the extent possible, we consider the specific responsibilities assumed by our executives and those assumed by executives at other organizations (based on peer SEC filings) to determine whether the positions are comparable.  We give greater weight to Peer Group data if a position appears comparable to the position of one of our Named Executive Officers.  Otherwise, we supplement Peer Group data with industry data from the 2018 Oil and Gas E&P Industry Compensation Survey prepared by Effective Compensation, Incorporated.

Peer Group 

In 2018, F.W. Cook identified a peer group of onshore publicly traded oil and gas companies that are reasonably similar to us in terms of size and operations.  We refer to the following 17 companies as the “Peer Group”:

 

Two members of our 2017 peer group, Energen Corporation and Newfield Exploration Company, were removed from our Peer Group for 2018 due to pending acquisitions at the time of the review, and three companies, CNX Resources Corporation, Diamondback Energy, Inc. and Parsley Energy, Inc., were added to the Peer Group based on similar size and operational scale.

Positioning Versus Market 

Beginning in 2018, we determined that it was appropriate to target the median of the Peer Group for base salaries, annual cash incentive awards, and long-term equity-based incentive awards.  This is a reduction from 2017, when compensation was targeted at the 75th percentile.  This reduction was adopted in response to our 2017 say-on-pay vote and feedback received from our shareholder outreach program.  As noted throughout this Compensation Discussion and Analysis, target compensation is only one of many factors considered by the Compensation Committee when setting compensation levels for our Named Executive Officers.

Our Named Executive Officers’ compensation includes the key components described below.

 

For 2018, these components, at target, were distributed as shown below for our CEO and our other Named Executive Officers:

 

 

Base salaries are designed to provide a minimum, fixed level of cash compensation for services rendered during the year. In addition to providing a base salary that is competitive with salaries paid by other independent oil and gas exploration and production companies, the Compensation Committee also considers whether our pay levels appropriately align each Named Executive Officer’s base salary level relative to the base salary levels of our other officers.  Our objective is to have base salaries that accurately reflect each officer’s relative skills, experience and contributions to the Company.  To that end, annual base salary adjustments are based on a subjective analysis of many individual factors, including:

In addition to the individual factors listed above, the Compensation Committee considers our overall business performance and implementation of Company objectives when determining annual base salaries.  While these metrics generally provide context for making salary decisions, base salary decisions do not depend on attainment of specific goals or performance levels and no specific weighting is given to one factor over another.

Base salaries are reviewed annually, but are not necessarily increased if the Compensation Committee believes that (1) our executives are currently compensated at proper levels in light of Company performance or external market factors, or (2) an increase or addition to other elements of compensation would be more appropriate in light of our stated objectives.

In February 2018, after comparing base salary levels to those of similarly situated executives in the Peer Group and considering the individual and business factors described above, Messrs. Rady and Warren recommended to the Compensation Committee that the Named Executive Officers other than themselves receive a 3% base salary increase to reflect increases in cost of living, as reflected in the table below.  The Compensation Committee approved this recommendation.

Annual Cash Incentive Awards

Purpose and Operation

Annual cash incentive payments, which we also refer to as cash bonuses, are a key component of each Named Executive Officer’s annual compensation package.  Historically, the Compensation Committee used an annual discretionary cash bonus.  However, based on recommendations from F.W. Cook, the Compensation Committee implemented a formal annual incentive plan design beginning in fiscal 2014.  This annual incentive plan is based on a balanced scorecard that is used to measure our performance.

As part of a more structured annual incentive program, we adopted bonus targets for each of the Named Executive Officers, expressed as a percentage of base salary.  These targets, which were determined based on our compensation strategy of providing incentive compensation opportunities that are competitive with the market median, are listed below.

Performance Metrics

For 2018, based on the feedback received from our shareholders in connection with the Company’s outreach program, the Compensation Committee decided to alter the structure of our annual incentive program.  We believe the new, simplified design of the annual incentive program implemented for 2018 provides a more transparent bonus structure with more objectively determinable payouts.  We also believe the new structure is more consistent with our shareholders’ investment experience.  The Compensation Committee selected the four metrics described below for the 2018 fiscal year under our annual incentive plan.  These metrics, which were specifically chosen for their importance in supporting the strategic initiatives we have established for 2018, are weighted equally in calculating annual bonuses.  The following tables shows the results of the 2018 annual incentive program:

Definition.  Annual production volumes divided by debt-adjusted shares.  Debt-adjusted shares represent current shares outstanding plus the quotient of total debt at year end 2018, divided by the weighted average share price during 2018.

Rationale.  Production volumes are critical to our profitability.  Measuring those volumes on a debt-adjusted per-share basis motivates management to produce those volumes in a capital-efficient manner.

Definition.  Year-end 2018 net debt divided by 2018 full-year adjusted EBITDAX.

Rationale.  Managing the balance sheet leverage is essential for growing the business efficiently.  Net Debt/EBITDAX is a key debt coverage ratio that motivates management to minimize debt relative to cash flow.

Definition.  Stand-alone E&P adjusted operating cash flow, less stand-alone E&P drilling and completion capital, less land maintenance capital.

Rationale.  Measuring and rewarding Free Cash Flow directly supports our go-forward strategy of sustainable free cash flow growth by motivating management to optimize operating cash flow relative to upstream capital budgets.

Definition.  The Company measured performance in the Safety and Environmental performance category through several lagging indicators:

In addition, the Company monitored several leading indicators in determining performance for the Safety and Environmental performance category.  Leading indicators are proactive, preventative and predictive measures that provide current information regarding the effective performance, activities and processes of a Safety and Environmental system that may help identify, eliminate or control risks in the workplace.  Management reviewed the progress of each leading indicator throughout 2018 and assessed if performance was adequate in light of the Company’s operation.  These leading indicators include: HSSE training, Operational Safety Steering Team activities, Corrective Action/Preventative Action closeout, Environmental Compliance Audit Score, Operational Risk Register Reviews, and Field Safety Committee meeting compliance.

Rationale.  Maintaining a safe work environment and sustainable environmental record is critical to the success of the business and execution of our strategy. Measuring safety and environmental metrics motivates all participants to maintain focus on these metrics.

2018 Annual Incentive Program Payouts

The Compensation Committee evaluated the 2018 annual incentive scorecard and considered the factors noted above.  Our performance for 2018 resulted in a payout calculation of 73.15%.  The Compensation Committee elected to pay 2018 annual incentive bonuses in March 2019 in the amounts shown below for the Named Executive Officers.  There were no adjustments for individual performance.

We are aware that equity prices for E&P companies remain depressed.  However, we believe that the results of our annual incentive program are appropriate and aligned with the interests of our shareholders.  We consider the results of this program to have a direct correlation to the actions of our management team.  Payments under the annual incentive plan will help us to retain and reward the executive team that is responsible for our success.

Long-Term Incentive Awards Granted in 2018

Based on feedback received from our shareholders in connection with our outreach program, the Compensation Committee adjusted our compensation philosophy with respect to long-term equity-based awards to better reflect our shareholders’ investment experience in the Company.  Specifically, equity awards granted in 2018 targeted the market 50th percentile of the Peer Group, resulting in a reduced grant value for each Named Executive Officer (in the aggregate, grant values for 2018 were reduced 23% compared to grant values for 2017).  In 2018, all long-term incentive awards for our Named Executive Officers were in the form of performance share units granted under the Antero Resources Corporation Long-Term Incentive Plan (the “AR LTIP”).  The number of performance share units granted to our Named Executive Officers in 2018 are described more fully under “Grants of Plan-Based Awards for Fiscal Year 2018” below.

Of the performance share units granted in 2018, 70% were based on absolute total shareholder return, or “TSR”, with a relative TSR modifier (the “TSR PSUs”), and 30% were based on return on capital employed, or “ROCE” (the “ROCE PSUs”).  The Compensation Committee selected these metrics as they provide for a rigorous framework that rewards the Named Executive Officers for improving absolute stock price, while measuring the Company’s performance against industry peers as well.  ROCE was added as a performance metric because it motivates the Named Executive Officers to make decisions that result in efficient deployment of capital

in the business.  Additionally, ROCE is a metric that many investors consider when assessing the performance of companies in the oil and gas sector.

In order to achieve payout under the TSR PSUs, the Company’s absolute TSR must be at least 50% of the target price of $24.97 (the “Target Price”) at the end of the three-year performance period on April 15, 2021, with the payout, subject to adjustment as described below, determined as follows:

Following determination of the absolute TSR, the payout of the TSR PSUs may be adjusted to reflect our TSR performance relative to our peer group over the performance period.  A relative TSR ranking of less than the 25th percentile results in a negative 50% adjustment to the payout of the TSR PSUs, and a relative TSR ranking of greater than the 75th percentile results in a positive 50% adjustment to the payout of the TSR PSUs.  A relative TSR ranking of between the 25th percentile and the 75th percentile would not result in an adjustment to the payout of the TSR PSUs.

In order to achieve payout under the ROCE PSUs, the Company’s ROCE must be at least 85% of 8.7% (the “Target ROCE”) at the end of the three-year performance period on December 31, 2020, with the payout determined as follows:

Health and Welfare Benefits

Our Named Executive Officers are eligible to participate in all of our employee health and welfare benefit arrangements on the same basis as other employees (subject to applicable law).  These arrangements include medical, dental and disability insurance, as well as health savings accounts.  We provide these benefits in order to ensure that we can competitively attract and retain officers and other employees.  This is a fixed component of compensation, and these benefits are provided on a non-discriminatory basis to all employees.

Retirement Benefits

We maintain an employee retirement savings plan through which employees may save for retirement or future events on a tax-advantaged basis.  Participation in the 401(k) plan is at the discretion of each individual employee, and our Named Executive Officers participate in the plan on the same basis as all other employees.  The plan permits us to make discretionary matching and non-elective contributions.  Since January 1, 2014, the Company has matched 100% of the first 4% of eligible compensation that employees contribute to the plan, but on January 1, 2019, the Company increased its match to the first 6% of eligible compensation that employees contribute to the plan.  These matching contributions are immediately fully vested.

We believe the total mix of compensation and benefits provided to our Named Executive Officers is currently competitive. Therefore, perquisites do not play a significant role in our Named Executive Officers’ total compensation.

As described in “Item 13.  Certain Relationships and Related Transactions and Director Independence—Agreements Related to the Transactions,” we, AMGP and certain of their affiliates entered into a Simplification Agreement.  In connection with the Transactions contemplated by the Simplification Agreement, outstanding phantom units under the Midstream LTIP and Series B Units in IDR LLC held by certain of our Named Executive Officers will be converted or exchanged as described below.  The Transactions will not constitute a "change in control" transaction under the applicable compensation arrangements, thus there are no change in control payments due to the executive officers in connection with the Transactions. As a result, there are no payments that will be made to named executive officers that are based on or otherwise related to the Transactions.

Antero Midstream Phantom Units

Our Named Executive Officers spend a portion of their time providing services to the Partnership, and thus are entitled to receive grants of equity-based awards under the Partnership’s Long Term Incentive Plan (the “Midstream LTIP”).  In November 2014, each of our Named Executive Officers was granted phantom units under the Midstream LTIP in connection with the initial public offering of the Partnership.  In April 2016 and 2017, each of our Named Executive Officers was granted additional phantom units under the Midstream LTIP as compensation for their additional services provided to the Partnership.  No phantom units under the Midstream LTIP were granted during 2018.  Phantom units granted under the Midstream LTIP generally represent the right to receive common units of the Partnership upon vesting.

At the effective time of the Transactions, each outstanding phantom unit under the Midstream LTIP, including those held by our Named Executive Officers, will be converted into a restricted stock unit or similar award of New AM with substantially the same terms and conditions (including with respect to vesting) applicable to such phantom unit award immediately prior to the effective time of the Transactions, representing the right to receive a number of shares of common stock of New AM equal to (i) the number of common units of the Partnership subject to such phantom unit award immediately prior to the effective time of the Transactions, multiplied by (ii) (A) 1.6350, plus (B) $3.415 divided by the average of the 20-day volume weighted average trading price per common share representing limited partner interests in AMGP prior to the election deadline.  Additionally, all distribution equivalent rights granted in tandem with a corresponding phantom unit award will be converted into a distribution equivalent right or similar award of New AM with substantially the same terms and conditions (including with respect to vesting) applicable to such distribution equivalent right immediately prior to the effective time of the Transactions, representing the right to receive (i) any balance accrued on such distribution equivalent right as of the effective time of the Transactions and (ii) any dividends paid or distributions made by New AM from and after the effective time of the Transactions with respect to the number of shares of common stock of New AM subject to the converted phantom unit award to which such converted distribution equivalent right relates.

Series B Units in IDR LLC

IDR LLC was formed to hold 100% of the Partnership’s IDRs.  As of December 31, 2018, Messrs. Rady, Warren and Kennedy held 48,000, 32,000 and 4,000, respectively, of the 98,600 outstanding Series B Units in IDR LLC.  To the extent vested, the Series B Units in IDR LLC entitle the holders thereof to receive, subject to the terms and provisions of the IDR LLC Agreement and the incentive unit award agreements pursuant to which the awards were granted, a proportionate amount of up to 6% of any future profits of IDR LLC that result from any distributions on the Partnership’s IDRs that are held by IDR LLC in excess of $7.5 million per quarter.  Unvested Series B Units in IDR LLC are not entitled to receive any distributions; however, in connection with any subsequent distribution on the Partnership’s IDRs following the date an unvested Series B Unit in IDR LLC becomes vested, the holder of such vested Series B Unit in IDR LLC is entitled to receive an additional distribution equal to the aggregate amount of distributions that would have been made with respect to such Series B Unit in IDR LLC during the period in which such Series B Unit was unvested if such Series B Unit had been vested.

With respect to vested Series B Units in IDR LLC, Messrs. Rady, Warren and Kennedy have the right, upon delivery of notice to IDR LLC, to require IDR LLC to redeem all or a portion of their vested Series B Units for a number of newly issued AMGP common shares, equal to the quotient determined by dividing (a) the product of (i) the Per Vested B Unit Entitlement (as defined below) and (ii) the number of vested Series B Units being redeemed, by (b) the volume-weighted average price of an AMGP common share for the 20 trading days ending on and including the trading day prior to the date of such notice (the “AMGP VWAP Price”).   However, in no event will the aggregate number of AMGP common shares issued by AMGP pursuant to all such redemptions by owners of Series B Units exceed 6% of the aggregate number of issued and outstanding AMGP common shares. 

For purposes of the redemption right described above, the “Per Vested B Unit Entitlement” is calculated in accordance with the IDR LLC Agreement, and will equal, as of the date of determination, the quotient obtained by dividing (a) the product of (i) the fair market value of IDR LLC (which for this purpose is based on the equity value of AMGP calculated on the applicable date of determination by multiplying the AMGP VWAP Price and the number of then-outstanding AMGP common shares) as of such date minus $2.0 billion and (ii) the product of (A) 6%, (B) the percentage of authorized Series B Units that are outstanding at such time and (C) the percentage of outstanding Series B Units that have vested, by (b) the total number of vested Series B Units outstanding at such time.  In addition, upon the earliest to occur of (x) December 31, 2026, (y) a change of control transaction of AMGP or of IDR LLC, or (z) a liquidation of IDR LLC, AMGP may redeem each outstanding Series B Unit in exchange for AMGP common shares in accordance with the ratio described above, subject to certain limitations.

The remaining unvested Series B Units in IDR LLC issued to Messrs. Rady and Warren on December 31, 2016, will become vested on December 31, 2019, so long as the applicable executive remains continuously employed by us or one of our affiliates through such date.  The remaining unvested Series B Units in IDR LLC issued to Mr. Kennedy on January 10, 2017 will become vested on December 31, 2019, so long as Mr. Kennedy remains continuously employed by us or one of our affiliates through such date.  The potential acceleration and forfeiture events relating to these units are described in greater detail under the heading “Potential Payments Upon Termination or Change of Control” below.

Pursuant to the Simplification Agreement, AMGP, as the managing member of IDR Holdings, and Messrs. Rady and Warren, as the holders of a majority of the Series B Units, entered into an amendment to the IDR Holdings LLC Agreement to facilitate the Series B Exchange.  At the effective time of the Transactions, each holder of Series B Units in IDR LLC, including our Named Executive Officers, will transfer each Series B Unit in IDR LLC it owns (vested and unvested) in exchange for (i) 176.0041 shares of common stock of New AM, which will be subject to the terms set forth in the limited liability company agreement of IDR LLC (the “IDR LLC Agreement”) and will vest in accordance with the applicable equity grant agreement pursuant to which the Series B Unit in IDR LLC was originally issued, (ii) an amount in cash equal to the unpaid distributions (other than tax distributions) declared with respect to vested Series B Units in IDR LLC, if any, pursuant to the distribution provisions of the IDR LLC Agreement, and (iii) an amount in cash to be deposited into an escrow account equal to the distributions declared with respect to unvested Series B Units in IDR LLC, excluding any amounts attributable to any distributions made with respect to unvested Series B Units in IDR LLC after December 31, 2018 but prior to the effective time of the Transactions. Holders of Series B Units in IDR LLC, including our Named Executive Officers who hold Series B Units, will not be entitled to receive any distributions paid by IDR LLC or dividends paid by New AM during the 12 months ending December 31, 2019 that are payable on any Series B Units in IDR LLC or shares received in exchange for such Series B Units, as applicable, that are scheduled to vest on December 31, 2019.

Employment, Severance or Change-in-Control Agreements

We do not maintain any employment, severance or change-in-control agreements with any of our Named Executive Officers.

As discussed below under “Potential Payments Upon a Termination or a Change in Control,” any of Messrs. Rady, Warren, Schopp, Kilstrom or Kennedy could be entitled to receive accelerated vesting of his restricted stock units in the Company, Series B Units in IDR LLC or phantom units in the Partnership, as applicable (including shares of common stock of New AM received in exchange for such Series B Units in IDR LLC or phantom units in the Partnership), that remain unvested upon his termination of employment with us under certain circumstances or upon the occurrence of certain corporate events.  The Transactions will not result in accelerated vesting of such awards or the Series B Units.

Share Ownership Guidelines

Under AMGP’s share ownership guidelines adopted in 2017, our executive officers are required to own a minimum number of AMGP common shares within five years of the adoption of the guidelines or within five years of becoming an executive officer, whichever is later.  Specifically, each of our executive officers is required to own AMGP common shares having an aggregate fair market value equal to at least a designated multiple of the executive officer’s base salary, as shown below.

These share ownership guidelines are designed to align our executive officers’ interests more closely with those of AMGP’s shareholders.

Tax and Accounting Treatment of Executive Compensation Decisions

Section 162(m) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the “Code”), generally imposes a $1 million limit on the amount of compensation paid to “covered employees” (as defined in Section 162(m)) that a public corporation may deduct for federal income tax purposes in any year.  The “Tax Cuts and Jobs Act,” enacted in 2017, repealed the performance-based compensation exception to the Section 162(m) deduction limitation for tax years beginning after December 31, 2017.  In addition, the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act generally expanded the scope of who is considered a “covered employee.”  With these changes, compensation paid to certain of our executives will be subject to the $1 million per year deduction limitation imposed by Section 162(m) unless such compensation qualifies for the transition relief applicable to certain compensation arrangements in place as of November 2, 2017.  While we will continue to monitor our compensation programs in light of the deduction limitation imposed by Section 162(m), our Compensation Committee considers it important to retain the flexibility to design compensation programs that are in the best long-term interests of the Company and our shareholders.  As a result, we have not adopted a policy requiring that all compensation be fully deductible.  The Compensation Committee may conclude that paying compensation at levels in excess of the limits under Section 162(m) is nevertheless in the best interests of the Company and our shareholders.  Given changes made to Section 162(m), it is likely that the Company will not be able to deduct for federal income tax purposes a portion of the compensation paid to our Named Executive Officers in 2018.

Many other Code provisions and accounting rules affect the payment of executive compensation and are generally taken into consideration as our compensation arrangements are developed.  Our goal is to create and maintain compensation arrangements that are efficient, effective and in full compliance with these requirements.

We have reviewed our compensation policies and practices to determine if they create risks that are reasonably likely to have a material adverse effect on our Company.  In connection with this risk assessment, we reviewed the design of our compensation and benefits program and related policies and determined that certain features of our programs and corporate governance generally help mitigate risk.  Among the factors considered were the mix of cash and equity compensation, the balance between short- and long-term objectives of our incentive compensation, the degree to which programs provide for discretion to determine payout amounts, and our general governance structure.

Our Compensation Committee believes that our approach of evaluating overall business performance and implementation of company objectives assists in mitigating excessive risk-taking that could harm our value or reward poor judgment by our executives. Several features of our programs reflect sound risk-management practices.

Due to the foregoing program features, the Compensation Committee concluded that our compensation policies and practices for all employees, including our Named Executive Officers, are not reasonably likely to have a material adverse effect on the Company.

The Compensation Committee uses tally sheets as a reference point in reviewing and establishing our Named Executive Officers’ compensation.  The tally sheets provide a holistic view of all material elements of our Named Executive Officers’ compensation, including base salary, annual cash incentive awards, long-term equity incentive awards and indirect compensation such as perquisites and retirement benefits.  Tally sheets also demonstrate the amounts each executive could potential receive under various termination and change in control scenarios, as well as a summary of all shares beneficially owned. 

We have adopted an Insider Trading Policy at each of the Company, the Partnership and AMGP that prohibits our Named Executive Officers from engaging in speculative transactions involving our common stock, common units of the Partnership, and common shares of AMGP, including buying or selling puts or calls, short sales, purchases of securities on margin, or otherwise hedging the risk of ownership of such securities.  The Insider Trading Policies also strictly prohibit our Named Executive Officers from pledging such securities as collateral.

We have adopted a general clawback policy at each of the Company and the Partnership covering long-term incentive award plans and arrangements.  The clawback policy applies to our current Named Executive Officers as well as certain of our former Named Executive Officers.  Generally, recoupment of compensation would be triggered under the policy in the event of a financial restatement caused by fraud or intentional misconduct.  In the event of such misconduct, we may recoup performance-based equity compensation that was granted, earned or vested based wholly or in part upon the attainment of any financial reporting measure during the period in which such misconduct took place.  The clawback policy gives the policy administrator discretion to determine whether a clawback of compensation should be initiated in any given case, as well as the discretion to make other determinations, including whether a covered individual’s conduct meets a specified standard, the amount of compensation to be clawed back, and the form of reimbursement to the Company.

In order to comply with applicable law, the clawback policy may be updated or modified once the SEC adopts final clawback rules pursuant to the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act of 2010.  In addition, the AR LTIP, the Midstream LTIP and the AMGP LTIP generally provide that, to the extent required by applicable law or any applicable securities exchange listing standards, or as otherwise determined by the Compensation Committee, all awards under the AR LTIP, Midstream LTIP and AMGP LTIP, as applicable, are subject to the provisions of any clawback policy the Company or the Partnership, as applicable, implements.

The material in this report is not “soliciting material,” is not deemed “filed” with the SEC, and is not to be incorporated by reference into any filing under the Securities Act or the Exchange Act, whether made before or after the date hereof and irrespective of any general incorporation language in such filing.

The Board of Directors of our general partner has reviewed and discussed the foregoing Compensation Discussion and Analysis required by Item 402(b) of Regulation S-K with management and, based on such review and discussion, the Board of Directors of our general partner has determined that the Compensation Discussion and Analysis shall be included in this Annual Report on Form 10-K.

AMGP GP LLC Board Members:

 

Peter R. Kagan

W. Howard Keenan, Jr.

James R. Levy

Brooks J. Klimley

Rose M. Robeson

Peter A. Dea

Paul M. Rady

Glen C. Warren, Jr.

The following table summarizes, with respect to our Named Executive Officers, information relating to the compensation earned for services rendered in all capacities during the fiscal years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016.

Summary Compensation Table for the Years Ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016